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| The volcanic cone at Fissure 8 sends lava 8.7 miles to the ocean, where the plume is seen before the horizon. Photo from USGS |
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| Judge Brett Kavanaugh |
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| Sen. Brian Schatz |
"On Monday, President Trump nominated Brett Kavanaugh to be the next Supreme Court Justice. Judge Kavanaugh’s name came off a list that was compiled largely to prove that Trump would be “conservative enough” for the radical right. He has a well-established record of undermining reproductive choice, environmental protections, civil liberties, and workers’ rights.
"If Judge Kavanaugh is confirmed, President Trump could succeed in moving the Supreme Court even further away from what we know is right. I'm very concerned, to say the least.
"What are your concerns about Judge Brett Kavanaugh? What questions would you ask him, given the chance? Fill out the survey and let me know.
"This is a big moment for our country, and it will take all of us working together to protect the things important to us.
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A SMALL LAVA ISLAND
Lava continues to ooze out at several points on the 6 km (3.7 mi) wide flow front into the ocean. The approximately daily collapse/explosion events at Halemaʻumaʻu Crater appear to generate a surge of lava in the lower east rift zone about 2 hours after each event, which results in spillovers from the channel.
Lava continues to ooze out at several points on the 6 km (3.7 mi) wide flow front into the ocean. The approximately daily collapse/explosion events at Halemaʻumaʻu Crater appear to generate a surge of lava in the lower east rift zone about 2 hours after each event, which results in spillovers from the channel.
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| An apparent lava island rising just offshore in lower Puna. USGS photo |
The majority of the Fissure 8 flow heads south from Kapoho Cone, into the ocean at Ahalanui where the warm ponds, county park and charter school were buried. The flow was .6 miles north of Isaac Hale Park Pohoiki Boat Harbor
No other fissures were active this morning. The summit region is occasionally impacted by sulfur dioxide from the lower East Rift Zone eruption.
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To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.
STRUCTURAL SEISMIC RETROFITTING to protect homes and other structures from earthquakes will be the topic at an information station at Volcano Farmer's Market tomorrow, Sunday, July 15 at Cooper Center on Wright Road. Representatives from the
The Department of Health will staff a booth at the market, to answer questions about eruption related issues. “Please attend if you live in the area or want to discuss your concerns with these agency representatives,” says a statement from Hawaiʻi County Civil Defense.
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THE EXPORT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM seeks Hawaiʻi businesses for the Western United States Agricultural Trade Association Fund Match Program. During inbound missions, local businesses meet with international companies with possible export opportunities. On Aug. 27 and 28, from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. , WUSATA will host buyers from Japan and Taiwan in Honolulu at the China Consumer Oriented Inbound Trade Mission. Registration is $15. Deadline to sign up is Aug. 17. Meetings will take three to four hours. There is no membership fee for WUSATA.
WUSATA is working in partnership with the state Department of Agriculture via intern, Daniel Kim. WUSATA is a non-profit helps companies with 50% of U.S. origin agricultural products to export to international markets. “This is a great opportunity for your company to be introduced to the international market, as WUSATA provides an excellent support system,” says an announcement through Hawaiʻi Farmers Union United.
Contact Kim at 808-973-9594 or his counterpart, Lily Nugent, with questions about WUSATA, exporting products, or inbound missions. Learn more at WUSATA website. Watch a short video about WUSATA Inbound & Outbound Trade Missions. Sign up for the China Consumer Oriented Inbound Trade Mission. Look here if this will be a first-time export.
Contact Kim at 808-973-9594 or his counterpart, Lily Nugent, with questions about WUSATA, exporting products, or inbound missions. Learn more at WUSATA website. Watch a short video about WUSATA Inbound & Outbound Trade Missions. Sign up for the China Consumer Oriented Inbound Trade Mission. Look here if this will be a first-time export.
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| Edge of the |
MANY FORMS OF SULFUR FROM KĪLAUEA VOLCANO are described in this week’s Volcano Watch by U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists and affiliates:
For many Hawaiʻi residents, interactions with Kīlauea Volcano’s eruptions is through vog – a hazy mixture of sulfur dioxide gas and sulfate particles. However, sulfur on Kīlauea is not limited to vog components.
Sulfur is an exceptional element in that its atoms have a range of electron configurations , commonly referred to as oxidation states. This results in spectacularly diverse forms of sulfur, many of which are found on Kīlauea , some of which are described below.
Sulfur dioxide and vog: Vog – volcanic air pollution – has impacted the Hawaiian Islands ever since island landmasses rose above the ocean’s surface, which allowed volcanic gases to be released directly into the atmosphere.
As magma rises toward the surface, decreasing pressure on the molten rock causes dissolved sulfur and other volatile elements to form various gases. When magma reaches shallow depths, dissolved sulfur primarily forms SO2 gas. Once emitted into the air, SO2 reacts with oxygen, atmospheric moisture, sunlight, and other gases and particles to create a visible haze – vog – that is blown downwind. The levels of vog experienced across the islands is controlled by the amount of SO2 gas released and changing winds.
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| Continued degassing from fumaroles at fissures on Kīlauea Volcano’s lower East Rift Zone produce native sulfur crystals when sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide gases react and cool upon reaching the surface. The delicate sulfur crystals are 5-15 mm (0.2-0.6 in) long. USGS photos by A. Lerner, 2018 |
With Kīlauea ’s ongoing lower East Rift Zone eruption and continued summit subsidence, SO2 emissions from the volcano have increased substantially; levels are now three to seven times higher than before the current activity began. Most of the SO2 released on the LERZ occurs as lava is erupted from the active vents – fissures – although some SO2 is also emitted from the lava flows and ocean entry.
High gas emissions from the LERZ, primarily fissure 8, have resulted in increased vog and poor air quality downwind of the active vents. During typical trade winds, vog is carried south and west across the Puna District, then on toward Kaʻū and along the Kona coast, before being blown farther offshore. During certain wind conditions, vog has reached the summit of Mauna Kea and stretched across the Pacific as far away as Guam , about 6,440 km (4,000 mi) from Kīlauea .
Hydrogen sulfide: When SO2 gas from shallow magma interacts with groundwater, the SO2 dissolves and can be re-emitted as hydrogen sulfide gas H2S. This process produces the rotten egg scent noted at hydrothermal features on Kīlauea, such as Sulphur Banks in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park, and at steam vents along the volcano’s lower East Rift Zone, many of which predate the current LERZ eruption.
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| Sulfur. Photo from Wikipedia |
Human noses are highly sensitive to H2S, and most people can detect its rotten egg smell at a level of around one part per billion. This concentration is about ten thousand times lower than levels considered hazardous to health. In fact, our noses are more sensitive than any instruments we use to quantitatively measure H2S.
Native Sulfur: Sulfur is also stable in its elemental form, known as “native sulfur.” This form of sulfur is a yellow crystalline solid that has historically been referred to as “brimstone.” At Kīlauea , native sulfur is found at volcanic fumaroles, such as Sulphur Banks, where both SO2 and H2S gases are emitted.
Native sulfur, formed from a chemical reaction (SO2 + 2H2S = 3S + 2H2O), is stable in solid form only at relatively low volcanic temperatures of less than 115 degrees Celsius (about 240 degrees Fahrenheit). Above this temperature, sulfur melts, forming a vivid orange liquid. At hotter temperatures (near 200 degrees C, or about 390 degrees F), molten sulfur turns dramatic shades of red. If temperatures approach 450 degrees C (840 degrees F) and atmospheric oxygen is present, native sulfur burns, forming sulfur dioxide (S + O2 = SO2).
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| When burned, sulfur melts to a blood-red liquid and emits a blue flame. Photo from Wikipedia |
Sulfur dioxide - along with sulfate particles in vog, hydrogen sulfide, and native sulfur - all form at both Kīlauea Volcano’s lower East Rift Zone and summit depending on vent temperatures and how much the gases interact with groundwater. Additionally, sulfur binds with many other elements to form organic and inorganic gases and minerals, which are beyond the scope of today’s Volcano Watch.
So, while vog and SO2 gas emissions have been on our minds for many years, and especially since May 3, 2018, it’s worth noting that they are just some of the many forms of sulfur at Kīlauea.
Visit HVO’s website volcanoes.usgs.gov/hvofor past Volcano Watch articles, Kīlauea daily eruption updates, Mauna Loa weekly updates, volcano photos, maps, recent earthquake info, and more. Call for summary updates at 808-967-8862 (Kīlauea ) or 808-967-8866 (Mauna Loa ). Email questions to askHVO@usgs.gov.
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NEW and UPCOMING
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See art by John Ferric on display at Kahuku Unit's Visitor Contact Station on July 20. Photos from National Parks Arts Foundation and artist John Ferdico |
AN EXHIBIT FEATURING MIXED MEDIA SCULPTOR AND VISUAL ARTIST JOHN FERDICO has been announced for Friday, July 20, to take place at Kahuku Unit’s Visitor Contact Station, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. The exhibit, starting at 10 a.m., is free to the public, showcasing Ferdico’s multicolored model aircraft art objects.
Ferdico, who will be present at the event to discuss his art, is Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park’s Artist in Residence for July 2018.
Born in New York and raised in Kansas City, Ferdico moved to Hawai‘i in 2012. He is currently based in Kona. Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park’s announcement states that Ferdico “takes model aircraft, painstakingly builds and paints them, then uses the plane as a platform for surrealist visual experiments that both entrance and estrange.” His work has been featured at the Honolulu Museum of Art.
“What I try to do is make each piece appear to be this exquisitely detailed and accurate model, but with this strange marking scheme,” Ferdico said. “I suppose it is a Surrealist strategy, meant to cause the viewer to reconsider the more ordinary elements seen in the juxtapositions.”
Born in New York and raised in Kansas City, Ferdico moved to Hawai‘i in 2012. He is currently based in Kona. Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park’s announcement states that Ferdico “takes model aircraft, painstakingly builds and paints them, then uses the plane as a platform for surrealist visual experiments that both entrance and estrange.” His work has been featured at the Honolulu Museum of Art.
“What I try to do is make each piece appear to be this exquisitely detailed and accurate model, but with this strange marking scheme,” Ferdico said. “I suppose it is a Surrealist strategy, meant to cause the viewer to reconsider the more ordinary elements seen in the juxtapositions.”
Ferdico is the second Artist in Residence this summer at Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. He earned his Bachelors of Arts in Fine Arts from the Kansas City Art Institute, and his Masters of Fine Arts from the San Francisco Art Institute prior to moving to Hawai‘i.
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| Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park's Artist in Residence for July, John Ferdico showcases and discusses his multicolored model aircraft art objects at Kahuku Unit on July 20. |
A program of the National Parks Arts Foundation, Artists in Residence is supported by the Friends of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park and other benefactors. The National Park Arts Foundation is a 501c3 non-profit dedicated to the promotion of the national parks through creating dynamic opportunities for artwork based in the natural and historic heritage of America.
The Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park is located on the mauka (inland) side of Highway 11 near mile marker 70.5, in Ka‘ū, about a 50-minute drive south of the park’s main entrance. Sturdy footwear, water, raingear, sun protection and a snack are recommended for all hikes. Entrance and all programs are free. Kahuku is open Wednesday through Sunday, 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Keep up with Kahuku events and visit the calendar on the park website, nps.gov/havo/planyourvisit/kahuku-hikes.htm.
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The Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park is located on the mauka (inland) side of Highway 11 near mile marker 70.5, in Ka‘ū, about a 50-minute drive south of the park’s main entrance. Sturdy footwear, water, raingear, sun protection and a snack are recommended for all hikes. Entrance and all programs are free. Kahuku is open Wednesday through Sunday, 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Keep up with Kahuku events and visit the calendar on the park website, nps.gov/havo/planyourvisit/kahuku-hikes.htm.
To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.
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See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment. Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com |
SUNDAY, JULY 15
Nature and Culture: An Unseverable Relationship, Sun, July 15, 9:30-11:30am , Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park
MONDAY, JULY 16
WEDNESDAY, JULY 18
Ocean View Community Association Board Meeting, Wed, July 18, 12:30pm , Ocean View Community Center
Hawai‘i Disability Legal Services, Thu, July 19, 9-1pm , Ocean View Community Center
Hawaiian Civic Club of Ka‘ū, Thu, July 19, 6:30pm , United Methodist Church
Thursday Night at the Center: The Joy and Challenges of Native Bird Photography in Hawai’i w/Jack Jeffrey, Thu, July 19, 7-8pm, Volcano Art Center’s Ni‘aulani Campus, Volcano Village. Photography and biologist Jeffrey shares his experiences and photos. Free; $5 donation suggested. 967-8222, volcanoartcenter.org
1st Annual Hawaiian Wicked Tuna Jackpot - Classic Fishing Tournament Series, Fri-Sun, July 20-22, Honokahau Club House. All profits go towards marine conservation and youth educational programs in and around Miloli‘i. $300 entry fee, 4 per boat, $25 additional. Cash prizes $100-4,000. Qualifying weight of 50lbs. Grand Prize qualifies for Las Vegas Trip. Contact Wilfred Kaupiko, 896-6272, kalanihale@gmail.com. Sponsored by Kalanihale, kalanihale.org
SATURDAY, JULY 21
1st Annual Hawaiian Wicked Tuna Jackpot - Classic Fishing Tournament Series, Sat-Sun, July 21-22, Honokahau Club House. All profits go towards marine conservation and youth educational programs in and around Miloli‘i. $300 entry fee, 4 per boat, $25 additional. Cash prizes $100-4,000. Qualifying weight of 50lbs. Grand Prize qualifies for Las Vegas Trip. Contact Wilfred Kaupiko, 896-6272, kalanihale@gmail.com. Sponsored by Kalanihale, kalanihale.org
Birth of Kahuku, Sat, July 21,9:30-11:30am , Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park
Birth of Kahuku, Sat, July 21,
Ocean View C.E.R.T. Meeting, Sat, July 21, 10-1pm , Ocean View Community Center
Nā Mea Hula - Loke Kamanu and ‘Ohana, Sat, July 21, 11-1pm , Volcano Art Center Volcano Village
Hawaiian Ranchos Property Owners meeting, Sat, July 21, 4pm, Ocean View Community Center, 92-8924 Leilani Cir. Meeting will close vote regarding current HRRMC Board of Directors, then elections results will be announced. More info, ranchospropertyowner@gmail.com
Hawaiian Ranchos Property Owners meeting, Sat, July 21, 4pm, Ocean View Community Center, 92-8924 Leilani Cir. Meeting will close vote regarding current HRRMC Board of Directors, then elections results will be announced. More info, ranchospropertyowner@gmail.com
Bunco and Potluck, Sat, July 21, 6pm , Discovery Harbour Community Hall. Popular game played with nine dice. Bring dish to share. Margie Hack, 541-954-8297
25th Annual Hawai’i Hawai’i Convention Center, Honolulu . Registration ongoing, $80+. hawaiiconservation.org
Oliver!, a KDEN Production, through July 29; Fridays and Saturdays,7:30pm , Sundays 2:30pm . Shows at UH-Hilo Performing Arts Center. Tickets: $20 general, $15 seniors 60+ and students, $12 keiki 12 and under. Tickets available at Kīlauea General Store, Kea‘au Natural Foods, Basically Books, and The Most Irresistible Shop in Hilo . Info and reservations: 982-7344, kden73@aol.com
Exhibit, Birds of Hawai‘iVolcanoes National Park 9-5pm , Volcano Art Center Volcano Village
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Paid Intern sought by The Nature Conservancy, to work from October 2018 through August 2019 with their Hawai‘i Island Terrestrial Program, which has native forest preserves located in Ka‘ū and South Kona. Benefits offered include: a $1,600 monthly living allowance (before taxes); a $5,920 education award towards higher education; health care and childcare benefits (if eligible); and receive an entry-level conservation career experience. Applicants must be at least 17 years old by the program start date, October 2018, and possess or be working towards a high school diploma or equivalent. Applications must also have their own housing and transportation, a drivers license, and be able to pass a criminal history check.
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The internship is offered through Kupu Hawai‘i. Those interested are asked to fill out an online application at kupuhawaii.org under Conservation Leaders Program as soon as possible, as spaces are limited; kupuhawaii.org/conservation. For more, call The Nature Conservancy at 443-5401 or call Kupu Hawai‘i at 808-735-1221.
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Disaster Recovery Center is open weekdays from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m., weekends from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., at Keaʻau High School Gym. Buses run to and from Keaʻau Armory every 20 minutes and Pāhoa Community Center Shelter every hour; see full bus schedule on the Civil Defense Website at HawaiiCounty.gov/Active-Alerts. For a list of the information applicants need to bring to the DRC, or to register online, go to DisasterAssistance.gov. The Salvation Army continues to operate a distribution center at the Pāhoa Community Center on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday from 8:30 a.m. to 10:30 a.m. To donate, please coordinate with the Salvation Army at (808) 756-0306.
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Find Your Park, invites Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. Kamaʻaina and tourist alike are encouraged to experience authentic Hawaiian cultural programs, guided hikes, After Dark events, and more from Ka‘ū to Volcano to Hilo. “While Kīlauea continues to shake the ground and blast ash from its ever-changing summit crater – causing the partial closure of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park on May 11 – park rangers continue to enlighten and engage visitors from other locations,” says a release from HVNP staff.
Rangers offer new and familiar programs – free of charge, with no entry fees – for visitors at the park’s Kahuku Unit, Volcano Art Center’s Ni‘aulani Campus, and Mokupāpapa Discovery Center and Prince Kūhio Plaza in Hilo.
Oliver!, a KDEN Production, through July 29; Fridays and Saturdays,
Exhibit, Birds of Hawai‘i
Paid Intern sought by The Nature Conservancy, to work from October 2018 through August 2019 with their Hawai‘i Island Terrestrial Program, which has native forest preserves located in Ka‘ū and South Kona. Benefits offered include: a $1,600 monthly living allowance (before taxes); a $5,920 education award towards higher education; health care and childcare benefits (if eligible); and receive an entry-level conservation career experience. Applicants must be at least 17 years old by the program start date, October 2018, and possess or be working towards a high school diploma or equivalent. Applications must also have their own housing and transportation, a drivers license, and be able to pass a criminal history check.
Rangers offer new and familiar programs – free of charge, with no entry fees – for visitors at the park’s Kahuku Unit, Volcano Art Center’s Ni‘aulani Campus, and Mokupāpapa Discovery Center and Prince Kūhio Plaza in Hilo.
Kahuku Unit
Sneak Peek into next week: July’s Artist in Residence John Ferdico will showcase his multicolored model aircraft and discuss how they are made at the Kahuku Visitor Contact Station, Friday, July 20, at 10 a.m. Supported by the Friends of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park and the National Parks Arts Foundation.
In addition to regularly scheduled Guided Hikes and the monthly Coffee Talk, Kahuku Unit has added daily Ranger Talks, and cultural demonstrations and activities on weekends.
Sneak Peek into next week: July’s Artist in Residence John Ferdico will showcase his multicolored model aircraft and discuss how they are made at the Kahuku Visitor Contact Station, Friday, July 20, at 10 a.m. Supported by the Friends of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park and the National Parks Arts Foundation.
In addition to regularly scheduled Guided Hikes and the monthly Coffee Talk, Kahuku Unit has added daily Ranger Talks, and cultural demonstrations and activities on weekends.
Visitor Contact Station hosts ʻIke Hana Noʻeau: Experience the Skillful Work Cultural Demonstrations and Activities, from 12:30 to 1:30 p.m. every Saturday and Sunday.
Visitor Contact Station hosts Ranger Talks on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday at 10:30 a.m. and 1 p.m.; Saturday and Sunday at 10:30 a.m.
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Guided Hikes begin at 9:30 a.m. every Saturday and Sunday in June and July. Meet the ranger at the welcome tent.
Coffee Talk, in the Visitor Contact Station is held the last Friday of the month, 9:30-11 a.m.
Kahuku events are posted to the park website, nps.gov/havo/planyourvisit/kahuku-hikes.htm.
Volcano Art Center’s Ni‘aulani Campus
Visitor Contact Station hosts Ranger Talks on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday at 10:30 a.m. and 1 p.m.; Saturday and Sunday at 10:30 a.m.
Coffee Talk, in the Visitor Contact Station is held the last Friday of the month, 9:30-11 a.m.
Kahuku events are posted to the park website, nps.gov/havo/planyourvisit/kahuku-hikes.htm.
Volcano Art Center’s Ni‘aulani Campus
Find Park Rangers in Volcano at the Volcano Art Center’s Ni‘aulani Campus at 19-4074 Old Volcano Rd., in Volcano Village. Rangers are there most days from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. to provide talks and answer questions about the current eruption.
The return of After Dark …near the park at the Volcano Art Center’s Ni‘aulani Campus. Each event will have a different subject matter, TBA.
Mokupāpapa Discovery Center
The return of After Dark …near the park at the Volcano Art Center’s Ni‘aulani Campus. Each event will have a different subject matter, TBA.
Mokupāpapa Discovery Center
Find Park Rangers in downtown Hilo, Tuesday through Saturday, from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Rangers provide daily eruption updates, and at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., give a talk about all five of Hawai‘i Island’s volcanoes – including Kīlauea. Get NPS Passport Books stamped. Located at 76 Kamehameha Ave., Hilo.
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Prince Kūhio Plaza
Prince Kūhio Plaza Find Park Rangers alongside the park’s non-profit partners, Hawai‘i Pacific Parks Association, at their brand new mall store.
Grand Naniloa Hotel
Grand Naniloa Hotel
Find Park Rangers stationed at the Grand Naniloa Hotel in downtown Hilo, from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., every Sunday and Monday, in the Willie K Crown Room - as long as nothing else is scheduled in the space. The rangers will be doing daily talks at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. about the eruption. They will show the park film that is normally available to visitors to see at the Kilauea Visitor’s Center at the Summit, Born of Fire, Born in the Sea, every half-hour beginning at 9:30 a.m.
Park rangers also greet incoming arrivals at the Hilo International Airport, welcome cruise ship passengers as they disembark at the Port of Hilo, and inform visitors at ‘Imiloa Astronomy Center most Sundays.
Park rangers also greet incoming arrivals at the Hilo International Airport, welcome cruise ship passengers as they disembark at the Port of Hilo, and inform visitors at ‘Imiloa Astronomy Center most Sundays.
Tūtū and Me Offers Home Visits to those with keiki zero to five years old: home visits to aid with helpful parenting tips and strategies, educational resources, and a compassionate listening ear. Home visits are free, last 1.5 hours, two to four times a month, for a total of 12 visits, and snacks are provided. For info and to register, call Linda Bong 464-9634.
St. Jude's Episcopal Church Calls For More Volunteers for the Saturday community outreach. Especially needed are cooks for the soup served to those in need, and organizers for the hot showers. "Volunteering for St. Jude's Saturday Shower and Soup ministry is an opportunity to serve God in a powerful way," states St. Jude's April newsletter. Volunteer by contacting Dave Breskin at 319-8333.
5th annual Ka‘ū Coffee Trail Run registration open. Race day Sat, Sept 22,
Volcano Rain Forest Runs Registration Open through Friday, August 17, at 6 p.m. Half marathon $85, 10K $45, 5K $30. Registration increases August 1: half marathon to $95, 10K to $55, and 5K to $35. Race is run from Cooper Center on Wright Road in Volcano Village on Saturday, August 18.
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