The Kaʻū Calendar News Briefs, Hawaiʻi Island

Thomas Jaggar examines a 12 ton block ejected from Halemaʻumaʻu Crater onto the floor of Kīlauea
Caldera in 1924. Scientist warn that such an explosive event, driven by steam, could happen as soon as
Friday as the summit lake drops to a level where the lava could mix with groundwater. HVO photo

HAWAIʻI VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK SHUTS DOWN AT 9 P.M. TONIGHT until further notice. The park will close all areas but the Kahuku Unit off Hwy 11 near Ocean View.
Park officials said they are concerned about the possibility of steam and rock explosions at Halemaʻumaʻu Crater that could be caused by lava mixing with groundwater. The likelihood becomes greater as the lava lake lowers toward the level of groundwater. The lava lake has been sinking for more than a week, as lava flows underground, away from the summit crater into lower Puna. Lava in the summit crater could reach groundwater as early as tomorrow, said scientists from Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.
A similar event happened in 1924, with blocks as heavy as 14 tons thrown from the crater, with explosions lasting for two and a half weeks. Halemaʻumaʻu more than doubled in size. The lava lake disappeared for many decades and only rose back up to its recent glory in 2009.

A dust cloud during the collapse of Halemaʻumaʻu crater floor in 1924.
HVO photo

The National Park closure includes Kīlauea Military Camp and Volcano House accommodations, bars,
restaurants, and other concessions; Volcano Art Center Gallery; the KMC bowling alley and theatre; and Hawaiian Volcanoes National Park Post Office. Post office delivery will be switched to Volcano Village.
Park officials said the steam explosions could be life-threatening, throwing rocks as large as 6 feet in diameter up to 0.6 miles away.
Also expected is ashfall - either from rocks falling into the crater, creating ash explosions, like those rising as high as 6,000 feet on Wednesday, or from steam and rock explosions themselves.
Tina Neal, USGS HVO Scientist-in-Charge, told press conference attendees today that ash is "pulverized rock" and "not toxic, but an irritant." See article, below, about dealing with ashfall.
When asked how much longer the volcanic events from lower Puna to Volcano would last, Neal responded they have historical precedence, not only in 1924 but also in 1955 and 1960, and may last between 36 and 88 days. When asked about "dramatic fountaining," such as seen in the 1984 eruption at Puʻu ʻŌʻō, Neal said such a spectacle could happen if fresh, gassier lava arrives at fissure points.

Wes Thelen, of USGS Science Center, stated the magma has moved downrift, at least as far as Noni Farms Road in lower Puna; scientists do not know how much farther it will travel.
As of noon today, there was no volcanic activity on the East Rift Zone and Leilani Estates residents were allowed back in their homes to gather belongings. Civil Defense reported that all of the pentane gas containers were removed from the Puna Geothermal plant, which remains closed, about a third of a mile from the nearest fissures that have opened with lava. Some residents near the geothermal plant have left their homes, saying they fear the lava will reach the plant and cause explosions.

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THE POSSIBILITY OF ASHFALL REACHING KAʻŪ from Halemaʻumaʻu has prompted preparation by members of the community. A guide available at Nāʻālehu library and online explains "the potential health effects of volcanic ash" and gives details on "how to protect yourself and your family in the event of a volcanic ashfall." Prepared by the International Volcanic Health Hazard Network, Cities and Volcanoes Commission, GNS Science, and the United States Geological Survey, it is designed "to promote the safety of those who experience volcanic ashfall."
Some simple steps to be taken during ashfall include limiting time outdoors, closing windows and doors, and wearing protective clothing and face coverings. Various masks from those blocking only dust, to those blocking chemicals, have been going on sale at stores in Kaʻū.
The pamphlet can be viewed and downloaded.

SO2 made air unhealthy before dawn this morning, but improved over the day
in Pāhala, though readings were unavailable this afternoon and evening.
Graph from state Department of Health

AIR QUALITY VARIED IN KA‘Ū TODAY, with some reports of ashfall in Pāhala and Waiʻōhinu. In both Pāhala and Ocean View, the SO2 reached levels unhealthy for sensitive groups during the period before dawn, but cleaned up for the morning. The readings were unavailable in the afternoon and evening in Pāhala but showed healthy readings in Ocean View.
Ocean View showed a moderate reading for particulates this evening, with no data for Pāhala.

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A WATER ADVISORY WAS ISSUED BY HAWAIʻI VOLCANOESNATIONAL PARK today. Chlorine levels in the park have lowered. The cause “is suspected to be related to recent elevated seismic activity at the Kīlaueasummit. Staff members are flushing the system and raising chlorine levels back to normal. The park recommends not drinking the water until "the work is complete and we update this message,” states the Park website.

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MORE DAMAGE TO LAND AND STRUCTURES, EXPLOSIVE ACTIVITY WITH ROCKS AND ASH could be on the horizon for the ongoing eruption of Kīlauea Volcano.
Tina Neal, USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Scientist-in-Charge, is making presentations to the press and community groups, explaining the science and possible outcomes.

Tina Neal, USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Scientist-in-Charge,
discussed possible future scenarios about the eruption. Photo from USGS

With the beginning of the new activity over the past week, Neal states, another flow has ended. The 61g flow that became famous in recent years for shooting bright red lava "hoses" and "lava falls" into the Pacific Ocean at Kamokuna in lower Puna, and creating a new boating industry to watch the lava from the ocean - is over. The supply to 61g, coming from a fissure on Puʻu ʻŌʻō's east flank, was cut off during the last week with the lowering of the magma column at Halemaʻumaʻu. The 61g is "essentially dead," said Neal.
Neal noted that Puʻu ʻŌʻō is “quiet,” with no lava or eruptive activity, but very pink ash is coming out when rocks fall into the vent.
The new lava coming out of the ground in lower Puna is from magma in Halemaʻumaʻu, said Neal, saying the eruption is “still in the open phase.” HVO scientists are recording the movement of the lava from Halemaʻumaʻu down through the East Rift Zone.

The East Rift Zone has been under a lot of stress, which caused the many earthquakes, said Neal, the largest up to magnitude 6.9. She said that the stress creates cracks, steaming cracks, and cracks emitting gas, followed by the fissures emitting lava, referring to the 15 fissures in the Leilani Estates area where lava erupted, covered 117.38 acres and destroyed 36 structures, along with roads and other infrastructure.

She said the ground in lower Puna "is already very broken, so you could say it does not take a lot of work for this magma to break the surface. We do see increases in ground vibration, which is something we refer to often as tremor,” she explained, stating scientists have seen an uptick in tremor for each fissure outbreak, and they are hoping they will “get smart enough to see those coming,” or at least be able to “use that as a proxy” for people being at the eruption sites.

When asked about predicting the way this event will flow, Neal responded that each eruption has its own characteristics: “The message we’ve been trying to deliver is, even though the outbreak is focused in Leilani Estates, we know that magma has accumulated in the Rift Zone everywhere from just east of Leilani Estates, back up to Puʻu ʻŌʻō, so that whole Rift Zone is fair game. There’s nothing to say it can’t develop additional pressure, and push beyond Leilani Estates, to the east tip of the island.” She said the earthquakes are an indicator: if more earthquakes with epicenters start going east, that might indicate the flow pushing eastward.

This map shows recent changes to Kīlauea's East Rift Zone lava flow field and Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō cone. The 61g
flow field, as of April 13, 2018, is shown in pink. The crack that formed on the west side of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō
on April 30th, 2018, during or immediately after the crater floor collapse is shown as a solid red line.
Older Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō lava flows (1983–2016) are shown in gray. The yellow line is the trace of the active
lava tubes. The Kamokuna ocean entry is inactive. USGS map

Neal said the populace should remain vigilant, paying close attention to Civil Defense messages, and think about earthquake and evacuation preparedness. Air quality issues – from the gasses coming out of the vents, to the increasing issues of burning asphalt and homes – pose another threat, she said. Neal said any visitors to the area should just “stay informed,” mentioning that her own sister was scheduled for a visit this week - Neal lives inside the park.

If the current trend continues, said Neal, it “could be the beginning of a large change in this whole eruption. It may be that Halemaʻumaʻu drains out of site, and if the lava activity at the summit is pau, and things are now going to concentrate on the lower East Rift Zone. If the lower East Rift Zone peters out, and lava does not return to Puʻu ʻŌʻō, it’s very possible that lava could again repressurize the summit system, and the lake could rise again.”

When asked, “Could things get worse?” Neal reiterated that her answers have a “high degree of uncertainty,” but that there were possible next phases “that are severe.” One would be that the eruption in Leilani “becomes more intense; spreads out along a larger section of the Rift Zone, and basically threatens more homes, more people, more infrastructure. The big earthquake of (Friday, May 4)… basically relieved stress along a certain part of Kīlauea’s south flank; but there is yet another patch that did not move. So, another, even larger, earthquake is possible.”

This thermal map shows the fissure system under Leilani Estates. Fissure 15, at the
northeast end of the fissure system, formed yesterday but was only briefly active.
Temperature in the thermal image is displayed as gray-scale values, with the brightest
pixels indicating the hottest areas. The thermal map was constructed by stitching
many overlapping oblique thermal images collected by a handheld thermal camera
during a helicopter overflight of the flow field. The base is a copyrighted color
satellite image (used with permission) provided by Digital Globe.

Another possibility, said Neal, “that we’re just getting our heads around now, is that, if the lava lake drains so deeply that it gets down to the level of the water table - which is 500-600 meters below ground surface - we could have a scenario, such as occurred in 1924, where the lava lake drained deeply, there was a large intrusion of magma into the lower East Rift Zone; no eruption that we’re aware of, but we know a lot of melt went down the pipeline. This deepening of the magma column under the summit allowed a lot of groundwater to flush into the system. And when you mix water with 2,000 degree magma, you get explosions. So, in 1924, there was a period of time of explosive activity from the Halemaʻumaʻu region, which let out a lot of ash, a lot of big blocks.” She said the activity of that time was not outside the current flows areas, but it was “more severe hazard than what we’ve seen recently,” and lasted for a period of days to weeks.

She said geophysicists have their eyes trained on the lake level, and they are monitoring the situation for signs, such as more earthquakes right in the region, and little ash columns and explosions from the crater. She expects that, should this scenario happen, there would be a period of days after the lake level reached the water table before activity would increase.

HVO issues updates twice daily; due to activity, the time of each release varies. See the whole interview here.

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Tiare of the Christopher Wong Yuen family accepted the $1,000 Buy Local drawing award from Kaʻū Coffee Festival organizer Chris Manfredi at the tenth Kaʻū Coffee Festival's Hoʻolauleʻa Saturday. Photo by Julia Neal

Kaʻū Coffee College was one of the best attended to date. Photo by Julia Neal

INDUSTRY EXPERTS GAVE PRESENTATIONS AT KA‘Ū COFFEE COLLEGE Sunday, May 6, at Pāhala Community Center. The educational day wrapped up the tenth annual Ka‘ū Coffee Festival and was one of the best attended to date.

Getting the Most Out of Your Coffee Moisture Meter - a presentation by Fred Seeber of Shore Systems, a leading manufacturer of coffee moisture meters, explained how testers work and why they are important. Attendees were invited to bring their testers for Seeber to check them for calibration.

Pruning Techniques to Maximize Yields- offered by University of Hawai‘i’s Andrea Kawabata, an assistant extension agent for coffee and orchard crops with UH's CTAHR cooperative extension service, and Tom Greenwell, president and long-time coffee farmer of Greenwell Farms - explained how proper pruning can promote tree health, which improves yield efficiency, profit margins, coffee quality, and sustainability for growers.

Fred Seeber talks about moisture meters. Photo by Julia Neal

Quality Control in Roasting - a workshop by Brian Webb of Pacific Coffee Research of South Kona, a specialty coffee association training campus, coffee lab, roastery, and community education center - discussed the importance of profile roasting. He did an on-site, sample roasting, and then demonstrated data logging software to keep detailed records for future analysis.
Royal Fuji demonstrated its small scale, professional roaster to the Ka‘ū Coffee College crowd.

See more on the Ka‘ū Coffee Festival on Facebook and @kaucoffeefest on Twitter, or call 808-929-9550.

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See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

FRIDAY, MAY 11

Mother's Day Card - Arts & Crafts, Fri, May 11, 2-3pm, Kahuku Park, H.O.V.E. Ages 6 to 12. Register May 7-11. Teresa Anderson, 929-9113, hawaiicounty.gov/pr-recreation

Pancake Breakfast & Raffle, Sat, May 12, 8-11am, Ocean View Community Center. To volunteer, call 939-7033, ovcahi.org

SATURDAY, MAY 12

CANCELED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Landscaping with Native Hawaiian Plants w/ Zach Mermel, Sat, May 12, 9-noon, Volcano Arts Center. Hands-on workshop. Class fee $30/VAC Member, $35/non-Member. Register online volcanoartcenter.org, call 967-8222

CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Mother's Day Saturday Walk in the Park, May 12, 9:30 a.m. to 2 p.m. Join Friends of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park Board Member, Linda Pratt, for this month's 4-mile hike exploring Kilauea Iki Crater. The walk is free for members; non-members are welcome to join the Friends group to attend. Registration required, www.fhvnp.org or call 985-7373.

Birth of Kahuku, Sat, May 12, 9:30-11:30am, Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Explore rich geologic history of Kahuku on this easy-to-moderate hike that traverses the vast 1868 lava flow, with different volcano features and formations. Learn about the Hawaiian hotspot and the creation of Kahuku. nps.gov/HAVO

Kāwā Volunteer Day, Sat, May 12, 9:30am, Kāwā. Sign up with James Akau, Nā Mamo o Kāwā, at namamookawa@gmail.com or 430-3058.

Maker Fair Spring Spree, Sat, May 12, 10-4pm, The Cooper Center, Volcano Village. Mother's Day weekend. All-handcrafted artisan shopping market from local makers. Free shopping tote to first 50 adult shoppers. Free make-and-take project booths. Keiki scavenger hunt. Free professional Mother's Day photo taken by Spark Productions. Details and artisan applications online, makerfair.org. Sara Krosch, contactmakerfair@gmail.com, 520-389-0620, facebook.com/MakerFair. Free to attend.

Zentangle: Fine Feather-Like Friends w/Lydia Meneses, Sat, May 12, 10-1pm, Volcano Art Center. Create tiles with feather-like forms. Open to all levels, no experience necessary. Bring snack to share. volcanoartcenter.org, 967-8222

OPENING EVENT AND GALLERY HOURS CANCELED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE - WILL BE RESCHEDULED: Exhibit: Fishponds of Hawai‘i by Carol Araki Wyban, Daily, May 12-Jun 24, 9-5pm, Volcano Art Center Gallery, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Public opening reception on May 12, 5-7pm. Free; park entrance fees apply. volcanoartcenter.org

SUNDAY, MAY 13

CANCELLED IF PARK REMAINS CLOSED: Mother's Day Buffet, Sun, May 13, 5-8pm, Crater Rim Café, Kīlauea Military Camp, inside Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Main entrees include Prime Rib, Lemon Butter Fish with Tropical Salsa and Vegetable Stir Fry with Tofu. $29/Adult, $14.50/Child (6-11 yrs). Open to authorized KMC patrons and sponsored guests. Park entrance fees apply. Reservations required. 967-8356, kilaueamilitarycamp.com

TUESDAY, MAY 15

Discovery Harbour Volunteer Fire Dept. Mtg., Tue, May 15, 4:30-6:30pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. 929-9576, discoveryharbour.net

The Wonderful World of Wine & Watercolor, Tue, May 15, 4-7pm, Volcano Art Center. Artist Nancy DeLucrezia shows how to transfer a photo onto watercolor paper and introduces basic painting techniques. Enjoy sampling of several wines. $30/VAC Member, $35/non-Member, plus $17 supply fee/person.

Discovery Harbour Volunteer Fire Dept. Meeting, Tue, May 15, 4:30-6:30pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. 929-9576, discoveryharbour.net

WEDNESDAY, MAY 16

CANCELLED IF PARK REMAINS CLOSED: Lei Hulu Demonstration, Wed, May 16, 10-noon, Kīlauea Visitor Center lānai, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Kilohana Domingo demonstrates his fine mastery of the intricate art of making feather lei. Free; park entrance fees apply. nps.gov/HAVO

Ocean View Community Association Board Meeting, Wed, May 16, noon-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

THURSDAY, MAY 17

VA Medical Services, Thu, May 3 & 17, 8:30-noon, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

Hawai‘i Disability Legal Services, Thu, May 17, 9-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. ovcahi.org, 939-7033, ovcahawaii@gmail.com

Story Time with Auntie Linda from Tūtū & Me, Thu, May 17, 10:30-noon, Nā‘ālehu Public Library. 929-8571

Hawaiian Civic Club of Ka‘ū, Thu, May 17, 6:30pm, United MethodistChurch in Nā‘ālehu. Pres. Berkley Yoshida, 747-0197

CANCELLED IF PARK REMAINS CLOSED: Fishponds Of Hawai‘i: Free Lecture and Slideshow by Carol Araki Wyban, Thu, May 17, 7-8pm, Volcano Art Center. Artist presenting exhibited at Volcano Art Center Gallery, May 12-June 24. volcanoartcenter.org, 967-8222

NEW & UPCOMING

CANCELLED: Watch Hula Kahiko in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park this weekend.
Photo from volcanoartcenter.org

CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: NĀ KUMU HULA PELEHONUAMEA HARMAN AND KEKOA HARMAN, with Hālau I Ka Leo Ola O Nā Mamo, perform Hula Kahiko on Saturday, May 12, from 10:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m., at the kahua hula (hula platform) in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park, announces Volcano Art Center.
The students of Hālau I Ka Leo Ola O Nā Mamo come from the Hawaiian language immersion K-12 school, Ke Kula ʻo Nāwahīokalaniʻōpuʻu. For the past seven years, their mission has been to perpetuate the Hawaiian language and culture through mele and hula. All classes are conducted in Hawaiian.
Audience members are encouraged to bring sun/rain gear and sitting mats.

CANCELLED: Learn about the instruments, implements
and lei styles of hula. Event details at right.
Photo from volcanoartcenter.org

The free event is supported in part by a grant from the County of Hawaiʻi Department of Research and Development and the Hawaiʻi Tourism Authority and individual funding from members of the Volcano Art Center’s ʻohana. Park entrance fees apply. For more, visit volcanoartcenter.org.

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CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: NĀ MEA HULA WITH CULTURAL SPECIALIST LOKE KAMANU AND HER ‘OHANA on the lānai of the Volcano Art Center Gallery in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park follows the Hula Kahiko performance, from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., Saturday, May 12. Presenting a display of all things hula, they will share a variety of instruments, implements and lei styles that play an integral role in the life of the hula practitioner. This memorable demonstration is hands-on and family friendly.
Free; park entrance fees apply. For more, visit volcanoartcenter.org.

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ONGOING
Sign Up for the Nāʻālehu Independence Day Parade, to be held June 30. If interested, call Debra McIntosh at 929-9872.

Tūtū and Me Offers Home Visits to those with keiki zero to five years old: home visits to aid with helpful parenting tips and strategies, educational resources, and a compassionate listening ear. Home visits are free, last 1.5 hours, two to four times a month, for a total of 12 visits, and snacks are provided. For info and to register, call Linda Bong 464-9634.

St. Jude's Episcopal Church Calls For More Volunteers for the Saturday community outreach. Especially needed are cooks for the soup served to those in need, and organizers for the hot showers. "Volunteering for St. Jude's Saturday Shower and Soup ministry is an opportunity to serve God in a powerful way," states St. Jude's April newsletter. Volunteer by contacting Dave Breskin at 319-8333.

Volcano Forest Runs Registration Open through Friday, August 17, at 6 p.m. Early registration ends May 14; price increase for half marathon from $80 to $85, 10K from $40 to $45, 5K stays at $30. Registration increases again August 1: half marathon to $95, 10K $55, and 5K to $35. Race is run from Cooper Center on Wright Road in Volcano Village on Saturday, August 18.

5th annual Ka‘ū Coffee Trail Run registration open. Race day Sat, Sept 22, 7 a.m.; begins and ends at Ka‘ū Coffee Mill. Register online before Mon, July 9: 5K, $25/person; 10K, $35/person; and 1/2 Marathon, $45/person. From July 9 to Aug 11: $30/person, $40/person, and $45/person, respectively. From Aug 13 to Sept 20: $35/person, $45/person, and $55/person. Race day registration ends Sat, Sept 22, at 6:30 a.m. Event organizers, ‘O Ka‘ū Kākou; start location, Ka‘ū Coffee Mill.

One Community and One Parent Representative are sought by Nāʻālehu Elementary School Community Council. The community representative will serve a two-year term for school year 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The parent representative will serve a one-year term for school year 2018-19. The parent rep cannot be a Nāʻālehu Elementary School employee. Last day to vote is tomorrow, May 11. Those interested, contact Leilani Rodrigues at 313-4020 or pcnc@naalehu.org, or name and number at the main office line, by calling 313-4000.

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Halemaʻumaʻu emitted a steady plume today, rising from the Overlook vent. It is expected that occasional rockfalls into the deep vent will produce
intermittent, low-level ash emissions. Depending on wind conditions, dustings of ash may occur in the Kīlauea summit area and downwind. More
energetic ash emissions are possible. Photo from USGS

CIVIL DEFENSE ISSUED AN ASH FALLOUT ADVISORY at 5:19 p.m.: "The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory has cautioned about the possibility of an explosive eruption at Halemaʻumaʻu. This is caused by the withdrawal of lava from Halemaʻumaʻu’s summit lake, which leads to a steam-driven

eruption. Such an eruption could generate ash plumes as high as 20,000 feet.
"The area affected by ash plumes could be as wide as 12 miles. Should this occur, the following are advised: The danger from this eruption is ash fallout. The major response is to protect yourself from fallout. If this event occurs while you are at home, stay indoors with the windows closed. Turn on your radio and listen for updates from authorities. If you are in your car, keep the windows closed. Ash fallout may cause poor driving conditions, due to limited visibility and slippery driving

An ash event at 9:06 a.m., likely caused by rockfall from the crater's steep sides,
the reddish color likely from altered rocks and ash fragments.Photo from USGS

conditions. Drive with extreme caution, or pull over and park. After the hazard is passed, do check your home, and especially your catchment system, for any impact that may affect your water quality.

"This is precautionary information for your safety in the event that there is a Halemaʻumaʻu explosive event. We want everyone in the Volcano area to be ready, and to remain safe. Do keep yourself informed and on the alert. This is your Hawaiʻi County Civil Defense."

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ASH ROSE FROM HALEMAʻUMAʻU TODAY, as most of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park remains closed in case of "steam-driven explosive" events that could hurl rocks from the crater. Seismicity at the summit is down, but deflation continues. Lava lake level is out of sight as of yesterday, but from other monitoring, scientists believe the lake level continues to fall.
Hawaiʻi County Civil Defense advises residents of Lower Puna, between Kapoho and Kalapana, to be on the alert in the event of possible gas emissions and volcanic eruption, as a precautionary measure. A statement issued at 11 a.m. said, "Because there may be little to no advance notice to evacuate, you should be prepared to evacuate at short notice. Take this time to prepare." Residents can evacuate early, to the Pāhoa Community Center or Keaʻau Community Center. Food and shelter for people and animals will be provided.

Ash rose at 9:17 a.m. from Overlook Crater in Halemaʻumaʻu. The rock fragments
were darker than the reddish plume just minutes earlier. Photo from USGS

All beach parks in Lower Puna have been closed, including the Pohoiki Boat Ramp.
The Hawaiʻi National Guard has ramped up operations at Hilo Airport, with medical and transport helicopters ready to lift people out of lower Puna should they be unable to escape during an unexpected emergency.
The Leilani eruption area is "quiet" in terms of lava flow and spatter, with no more acres covered or structures destroyed by lava - but gas emissions are still active and hazardous. Seismicity and ground deformation indicate more lava is flowing further into the East Rift Zone.

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HAWAIʻI WAS DECLARED A MAJOR DISASTER AREA today with the approval of Gov. David Ige's request to Pres. Donald Trump. The governor signed a Presidential Disaster Declaration request, asking the President of the United States to “declare a Major Disaster for the State of Hawaiʻi as a result of the ongoing Kīlauea East Rift Zone seismic activity and volcanic eruption beginning May 1” on Hawai‘i Island.

The governor received authorization for the Public Assistance Grant Program for Hawai‘i County, as well as the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program statewide.

A statement from the governor says that since May 3, Hawai‘i County and the State of Hawai‘i have dedicated more than $400,000 in emergency protective measures for the lava flow and earthquakes in the Kīlauea East Rift Zone. The estimated cost to protect residents over the next 30 days is expected to exceed $2.9 million. These costs do not include permanent work or damages incurred from the earthquakes, and costs will skyrocket should large-scale air and sea evacuations become necessary.

Yesterday afternoon, a geologist inspects a crack that widened
considerably since Wednesday, on Old Kalapana Road. In other
areas, new cracks have appeared along sections of Highway 130
since Wednesday, some with fume escaping. Photo from USGS

Hawai‘i County proclaimed a state of emergency on May 3 and the governor issued an emergency proclamation for Hawai‘i County effective May 3, authorizing the expenditure of state funds as appropriate to provide for the quick and efficient relief of damages, losses, and suffering that have resulted from the volcanic eruption and seismic activity. The governor also directed the execution of the State of Hawai‘i Emergency Operations plan.

“As more fissures open and toxic gas exposure increases, the potential of a larger scale evacuation increases. A mass evacuation of the lower Puna District would be beyond current county and state capabilities, and would quickly overwhelm our collective resources,” said Ige. “Federal assistance would be necessary to enable us to successfully conduct such large-scale operations.”

Ige’s letter to Trump also mentions limited evacuation routes; effects of ash clouds; hazardous levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen fluoride (HF), and sulfuric acid (H2S04) gases; financial impact of the event on the impoverished communities of the area; 25 to 30 percent loss of power to the grid of Hawai‘i Island due to the shutdown of Puna Geothermal Venture; estimated cost of just the 6.9-magnitude earthquake damage being 4.5 million; and other concerns. Read the whole letter.
Sen. Mazie Hirono released the following statement: “Federal, state, and county governments are coordinating and working together to ensure the safety of Hawaiʻi Island residents and to assist communities affected by the ongoing volcanic activity on Hawaiʻi Island. The approval of a federal disaster declaration will increase the resources for public safety and infrastructure repair.”

Earlier today, the Hawaiʻi Congressional Delegation wrote to President Trump in support of Ige’s federal disaster declaration request. This week, Hirono received updates from and offered her support to Hawaiʻi County Mayor Harry Kim, Federal Emergency Management Agency Region IX Administrator Robert Fenton, and U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Scientist-in-Charge Tina Neal.

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Red Cross volunteers aid displaced residents
of Puna. Photo from Red Cross

SEN. MAZIE HIRONO ASKS FOR DONATIONS TO RED CROSS on behalf of those affected by the current eruption. She released the request today, saying that Hawai‘i residents have "come together to help those on Kauaʻi and Oʻahu rebuild after devastating flooding. Now, our Hawaiʻ Island ohana need our help. Ongoing volcanic activity has displaced hundreds of Hawaiʻi Island residents thus far and more residents may be impacted until the eruptions cease.
"The Hawaiʻi Red Cross is operating two shelters on Hawaiʻi Island, where over 200 displaced residents are currently living. You can contribute to the Hawaiʻi Red cross here. The Hawaiʻi Community Foundation has also established a Hawaiʻi Island Volcano Recovery Fund. You can contribute here.
"I was so heartened by the outpouring of aloha and support for Kauaʻi and Oʻahu. I’m hopeful we can come together once again to do the same for those impacted on Hawaiʻi Island."

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HoʻAikāne plays to the Hoʻolauleʻa crowd, inspiring a Kaʻū Coffee Princess to
dance. Photo by Julia Neal

AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN KAʻŪ YESTERDAY was affected by power outages, and for much of today, Pāhala information has been unavailable - but SO2 levels were at a low .01 ppm at 2:15 p.m. Ocean View was also at .01 ppm at 2:15 p.m., with more consistent reporting of low levels in the past 24 hours.
Particulate matter was higher in Ocean View today, reporting at 83 at 2 p.m. Levels in Pāhala were much lower at 2 p.m., reporting at 8.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

The Chief jumps for joy as HoʻAikāne energizes the Hoʻolauleʻa.
Photo by Julia Neal

THOUSANDS OF SOCIAL MEDIA RESPONSES WELCOMED HOʻAIKĀNE to the main stage of the tenth Kaʻū Coffee Fest last Saturday. The band played for the crowd at the festival, with their Hawaiian, Jawaiian, Country, and Reggae music. Russell Mauga wrote in to tell Kaʻū about the band’s experience:

“HoʻAikane would like to thank each and everyone that had participated in the 10th Annual Kaʻū Coffee Festival this year and for allowing us to participate in your success of this event each year. To HoʻAikane we've always believed that "It's for the people" is why we do what we do - from when HoʻAikane was formed in 1983 in Keaukaha, Hilo by Walter Tavares Jr., Russell and John Mauga Jr., we had a great passion for music but most of all our love for the people of Hawai'i. Today HoʻAikane is: Russell Mauga, Jamieson Wong, Jamin "Chief Ragga" Wong, Isaiah Tavares and Joby Wong, and hired musician William "Billy" Akaka on Key Boards...

HoʻAikāne member Russell Mauga, right,

brings the band to the Kaʻū Coffee Festival.
Photo by Julia Neal

“Our thoughts on this years Hoʻolauleʻa was epic. It's something about Kaʻū in itself brings great pride and yet at the same time honor and humility is very transparent thru the people of Kaʻū. Our Keiki and it's History of the people of Kaʻū really is what moves HoʻAikane to perform so well. Like I said It's all about the people. Kaʻū is a very sacred area and we should always keep it like that. HoʻAikane witnessed thru out the day nothing but a group of people from different cultures coming together and sharing love and aloha for one another as one thru local favorite foods, coffee, hula, music and so much more. We were so blessed to see all of you come together in such a way that it's very humbling and blessed to be a small part of it thru our music. The people of Kaʻū gave us the mana to perform at a level that we will never forget, and HoʻAikane again says Mahalo to all of you the people of Kaʻū and may God continue to bring blessings after blessings to your great event. Ke Akua Pu.”

The group recently played for a fundraiser for Willie K, and accompanied the veterans of the Hōkūleʻa sailing canoe in the Merrie Monarch Parade.
Visit facebook.com/hoaikane.kailuakona
See more on the Kaʻū Coffee Fest at www.kaucoffeefestival.com

See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

SATURDAY, MAY 12

Landscaping with Native Hawaiian Plants w/ Zach Mermel, Sat, May 12, 9-noon, Volcano Arts Center. Hands-on workshop. Class fee $30/VAC Member, $35/non-Member. Register online volcanoartcenter.org, call 967-8222

CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Mother's Day Saturday Walk in the Park, May 12, 9:30 a.m. to 2 p.m. Join Friends of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park Board Member, Linda Pratt, for this month's 4-mile hike exploring Kilauea Iki Crater. The walk is free for members; non-members are welcome to join the Friends group to attend. Registration required, www.fhvnp.org or call 985-7373.

Kāwā Volunteer Day, Sat, May 12, 9:30am, Kāwā. Sign up with James Akau, Nā Mamo o Kāwā, at namamookawa@gmail.com or 430-3058.

Zentangle: Fine Feather-Like Friends w/Lydia Meneses, Sat, May 12, 10-1pm, Volcano Art Center. Create tiles with feather-like forms. Open to all levels, no experience necessary. Bring snack to share. volcanoartcenter.org, 967-8222

Jazz in the Forest Concert, Sat, May 12, 4:30pm & 7pm, Volcano Art Center. Refreshments available for purchase. Django Hot Club of Volcano and French Cafe Jazz. Tickets available online, $18/VAC Member, $20/non-Member. 967-8222, volcanoartcenter.org

OPENING AND REGULAR GALLERY HOURS CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE - WILL BE RESCHEDULED: Exhibit: Fishponds of Hawai‘i by Carol Araki Wyban, Daily, May 12-Jun 24, 9-5pm, Volcano Art Center Gallery, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Public opening reception on May 12, 5-7pm. Free; park entrance fees apply. volcanoartcenter.org

SUNDAY, MAY 13

‘Ōhi‘a Lehua, Sun, May 13 & 27, 9:30-11am, Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Learn about vital role of ‘ōhi‘a lehua in native Hawaiian forests, and many forms of ‘ōhi‘a tree and its flower on this free, easy, one-mile walk. nps.gov/HAVO

CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Mother's Day Buffet, Sun, May 13, 5-8pm, Crater Rim Café, Kīlauea Military Camp, inside Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Main entrees include Prime Rib, Lemon Butter Fish with Tropical Salsa and Vegetable Stir Fry with Tofu. $29/Adult, $14.50/Child (6-11 yrs). Open to authorized KMC patrons and sponsored guests. Park entrance fees apply. Reservations required. 967-8356, kilaueamilitarycamp.com

TUESDAY, MAY 15

Discovery Harbour Volunteer Fire Dept. Mtg., Tue, May 15, 4:30-6:30pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. 929-9576, discoveryharbour.net

Discovery Harbour Volunteer Fire Dept. Meeting, Tue, May 15, 4:30-6:30pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. 929-9576, discoveryharbour.net

WEDNESDAY, MAY 16

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Lei Hulu Demonstration, Wed, May 16, 10-noon, Kīlauea Visitor Center lānai, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Kilohana Domingo demonstrates his fine mastery of the intricate art of making feather lei. Free; park entrance fees apply. nps.gov/HAVO

Ocean View Community Association Board Meeting, Wed, May 16, noon-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

THURSDAY, MAY 17

VA Medical Services, Thu, May 3 & 17, 8:30-noon, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

Hawai‘i Disability Legal Services, Thu, May 17, 9-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. ovcahi.org, 939-7033, ovcahawaii@gmail.com

Story Time with Auntie Linda from Tūtū & Me, Thu, May 17, 10:30-noon, Nā‘ālehu Public Library. 929-8571

Hawaiian Civic Club of Ka‘ū, Thu, May 17, 6:30pm, United MethodistChurch in Nā‘ālehu. Pres. Berkley Yoshida, 747-0197

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Fishponds Of Hawai‘i: Free Lecture and Slideshow by Carol Araki Wyban, Thu, May 17, 7-8pm, Volcano Art Center. Artist presenting exhibited at Volcano Art Center Gallery, May 12-June 24. volcanoartcenter.org, 967-8222

FRIDAY, MAY 18

CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Forest Restoration with Friends of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, Friday, May 18, 8:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. Work on the Mauna Loa strip, clearing invasive weeds around native seedlings planted in the past, allowing the park to control blackberry and other weeds without hurting the seedlings. Registration required. To volunteer, contact Patty Kupchak at forest@fhvnp.org or (808) 352-1402 by Monday evening May 14, 2018. Include your first & last name(s), email address(s), and a phone number in case of cancellation.

Hawai‘i Wildlife Fund Volunteer Estuary Restoration Workay, Fri, May 18, 9-3pm; contact in advance for meeting location. Short hike to site. Free; donations appreciated. kahakai.cleanups@gmail.com, wildhawaii.org

Ho‘okani Pila (Play Music) Workshop, Fri, May 18, 10-noon, Kahuku Unit, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Learn how to play simple, fun songs on the ‘ukulele. Free. nps.gov/HAVO

NEW & UPCOMING

HEALING THROUGH WORDS, A CREATIVE WRITING WORKSHOP with Dr. Heather Friedman Rivera, will take place Saturday, May 19, from 10 a.m. to 11:30 a.m., announces Volcano Art Center.
The workshop is geared towards those who want to write and want guidance, support or inspiration to begin. Rivera will use imagery, visualization, and prompts to help students tap into their creative muse and discover the healing power of writing.

Dr. Heather Friedman Rivera offers a creative writing workshop in
Volcano this month. Photo from volcanoartcenter.org

Participants who wish to share their writing will have the opportunity to do so in a safe, supportive environment.
Rivera is an Amazon best-selling Author who found healing while writing her first novel. She obtained her Ph.D. in Parapsychic Science in 2011, her Doctorate in Law in 2002 and is a Certified Clinical Hypnotherapist specializing in Past-life Regression. She trained with Dr. Brian Weiss at The Weiss Institute. Rivera is also a Registered Nurse with over 25 years of experience. She is the author of seven books, contributing author in five books, and author of numerous articles. She serves as an editor for the International Journal of Regression Therapy. Rivera has been featured in print, radio, and web television. She holds workshops and retreats on writing and past life regression, and coaches writers from dream to book-in-hand.
“Find your voice and let the words flow,” says the event description. The class fee is $30 per Volcano Art Center Member and $35 per non-Member. For more details or to sign-up, call 967-8222 or visit volcanoartcenter.org.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

ONGOING

Sign Up for the Nāʻālehu Independence Day Parade, to be held June 30. If interested, call Debra McIntosh at 929-9872.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

Puʻu o Lokuana, on one of the family-friendly trails within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park Kahuku Unit, that is still open during its normal hours, Friday through Sunday, 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Join in activities such as an ‘ōhi‘a lehua hike on Sunday, details below. Photo by Geneveve Fyvie

THE PONO HAWAIʻI INITIATIVE has endorsed three candidates running for office in state races in Kaʻū.

Raina Whiting is one of three Kaʻū candidates endorsed
today by Pono Hawaiʻi Initiative.

Pono Hawaiʻi chose Raina Whiting, candidate for District 3 of the state House of Representatives, which runs from Honuʻapo through Punaluʻu and Pāhala, Volcano into Hilo. Whiting is a teacher at Nāʻālehu School and lives on a vegetable farm above Pāhala.

See more on Whiting.

Also endorsed is state Rep. Richard Creagan, the incumbent and physician who serves House District 5, which runs from Honuʻapo through Nāʻālehu, Waiʻōhinu, Discovery Harbour, Green Sands, Mark Twain, Ka Lae, South Point Road, and Ocean View and Miloliʻi into Kona. Creagan and his wife, a obstetrical nurse, live on their farm near South Point Road. See more on Creagan.

Richard Creagan was endorsed
today by Pono Hawaiʻi Initiative.

Also endorsed is former County Council member Brenda Ford who is running for state Senate District 3, which runs from Honuʻapo through Nāʻālehu, Waiʻōhinu, Discovery Harbour, Green Sands, Mark Twain, Ka Lae, South Point Road, and Ocean View and Miloliʻi into Kona. Ford lives in South Kona on a small coffee and fruit tree farm. See more on Ford.

A statement from the organization, says that "Pono Hawaiʻi Initiative was conceived and created in response to the urgent need to address the accelerating deterioration of societal, economic, and environmental conditions in Hawaiʻi. We are undeniably at a pivotal point where action to slow and reverse these conditions is a moral obligation. Our government institutions and business community are moving at a glacial pace to address the critical issues affecting Hawaiʻi. Or, they are moving us in the wrong direction.

Pono Hawaiʻi Initiative endorsed
candidate Brenda Ford today.

"We are witnessing a resurgence of a level of engagement and grassroots activism that we haven't seen in quite some time. Young and old alike across Hawaiʻi, the country, and the world are feeling and responding to that same urgent need. They are engaging in policy making, electoral politics, and community organizing.

"Driven by that strong sense of urgency and a keen awareness of pervasive injustice, new leaders willing to challenge the status quo are emerging. Pono Hawaiʻi Initiative eagerly joins that growing chorus of individuals and organizations doing important work to reverse the alarming trends we are seeing in the world today."

Pono Hawaiʻi Initiative board members familiar to Kaʻū, include Nelson Ho, of Volcano, and Gary Hooser, who ran for state office here. See more at www.ponohawaiiinitiative.org.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

Helicopters could air lift
evacuees from lava zone.
Photo from Keaukaha
Military Reservation

ACTIVE DUTY U.S. MILITARY AND NATIONAL GUARD units are prepared to help with evacuations from disasters associated with volcanic activities should the need arise in the near future. Some 1,400 active-duty U.S. military troops are working in the Pohakuloa Training Area above Hilo along the Saddle Road and would be available, according to a presentation made to state legislators yesterday during their tour of the Keaukaha Military Reservation at the airport in Hilo.
Hawaiʻi Tribune Herald reporter John Burnett writes that Hawaiʻi Army National Guard Lt. Col. Shawn Tsuha said commanders at Pohakuloa have made the offer to help should the state ask for U.S. Department of Defense support. If a volcanic emergency "were to overwhelm or require more resources than we could provide, that’s when a joint task force is set up, and a dual-status commander would command both National Guard and active-duty forces,” Tsuha told Hawaiʻi Tribune Herald.

Federal and state military reserve units and active duty military are
available to help with evacuations.
Photo from Keaukaha Military Reservation

While most flight crews live on Oʻahu and could take up of four or five hours to reach hear, there are two HH-60 Pave Hawk helicopters and one UH-60 Black Hawk at the Keaukaha Military Reserve. The Hawaiʻi National Guard stationed two lighter-utility, UH-72A Lakotas in Hilo. In addition, the Army has access to Chinook helicopters which it used to transport people after the recent flood on the north shore of Kauaʻi. See more at www.hawaiitribune-herald.com.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

HAWAIʻI VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK CLOSED until further notice due to ongoing seismic activity and the anticipated explosive steam event and possibility of rock and ash fall at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano. Only the Kahuku Unit will be open during its normal hours, Friday through Sunday, 9 a.m. to 3 p.m., a one-hour drive south of the main park entrance. The park will reopen when it is safe to do so.

NPS Photo of park entrance station with closure
signs and NPS Law Enforcement

At the request of the park, the FAA has issued a Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR) that extends 20,000 feet AGL and a 12 nautical mile radius around the summit of Kīlauea. News media will not be allowed into the closed section of the park. News media are prohibited from setting up cameras near the entrance st
ation for safety reasons.
This evening, a 17th fissure opened up in lower Puna, following the 16th fissure, which opened earlier today, just east of the Puna Geothermal Plant. Lava spattered from both fissures.
At 7 p.m., Civil Defense continued to warn that "Hawaiian Volcanoes Observatory has cautioned about the possibility of an explosive eruption at Halema'uma'u Crater due to the ongoing withdrawal of lava from Kilauea summit lake. This could generate dangerous debris very near the crater and ashfalls up to tens of miles downwind."

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

AIR QUALITY IN PĀHALA TODAY was "good," reported at 1.9 parts per million in particulates, as of 1 p.m., with Ocean View at "moderate" at 3.
SO2 levels at 2 p.m. were good for both Pāhala and Ocean View, with levels at or under 0.03 ppm. Ocean View kept under 0.17 ppm for the last 24 hours, but Pāhala soared into "unhealthy for sensitive groups" early today, getting as high as 0.41 ppm at 6:45 a.m.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

IT'S AN EXTRAORDINARY TIME ON KĪLAUEA VOLCANO, proclaims this week's Volcano Watch written by scientists an affiliates at U.S.G.S Hawaiian Volcano Observatory:

Last week’s Volcano Watch focused on the East Rift Zone eruption, which continues to impact the lower Puna District on the Island of Hawaiʻi. Changes in the eruption are occurring daily, if not hourly, so by the time you read this article, the situation will likely have changed. Nevertheless, here’s the status of the eruption as of Friday, May 11 (when this was written):

Fifteen (now 16) fissures have erupted in the Leilani Estates area thus far. These outbreaks have typically been short-lived, lasting minutes to hours, with pauses between the fissures ranging from minutes to days. The fissure eruptions have covered about 117 acres with lava and emitted high levels of sulfur dioxide (https://vog.ivhhn.org/leilani-eruption). Earthquake activity, ground deformation measured by GPS, and the opening of new ground cracks east and west of Leilani Estates suggest that this eruption is not over and that additional fissures are likely to open.

The breaking news of this past week, however, was about Kīlauea Volcano’s summit eruption.

On the morning of May 9, a large rockfall in Overlook Crater within

Halemaʻumaʻu at the summit of Kīlauea triggered a gas-driven

explosion that sent an ash plume several thousand feet skyward.

Phreatic (steam-driven) explosions can create larger ash plumes; the

1924 explosions sent ash plumes up to 20,000 feet high.

USGS photo

On May 2, two days after the significant collapse in Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō on Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone, the lava lake in Overlook Crater within Halemaʻumaʻu at the summit of Kīlauea began to drop. The steady lowering of the lava lake over the next week increased the potential for phreatic (steam) explosions at Halemaʻumaʻu, which has resulted in the closure of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park and concern among nearby residents.

Explosive events have happened at the summit lava lake since the vent first opened in 2008. But those events have been gas-driven explosions caused by rocks falling from the crater walls. Rocks hitting the lake surface cause the release of gases dissolved in the lava, which explosively propels gas and ash upward, forming a dusty ash plume that rises above the lava lake.

Since 2008, more than 60 gas-driven explosions have thrown tephra (general term for airborne volcanic rock fragments) and spatter (fragments of molten lava) onto the Halemaʻumaʻu crater rim. Fine ash particles have also been blown a few miles by wind, creating minor annoyances in downwind areas.

But, phreatic, or steam-driven, explosions are much larger in scale and impacts. These explosions can occur when the lava column within a vent drops below the water table, allowing an influx of groundwater into the still-hot conduit.

The mix of hot rock and water results in the formation of steam. If the conduit remains open, the steam can passively rise to the surface, forming an impressive, but relatively benign, steam plume.

However, rocks falling from the conduit wall can form a plug that effectively chokes the conduit. When this happens, steam below the plug can no longer passively escape, so pressure builds until an explosion blasts through the conduit.

During a phreatic explosion, large ballistics—boulders weighing up to several tons—can be blasted out in all directions, falling to the ground within about 1 km (0.6 mi) of the conduit. Smaller rocks—marble to pea-sized—can be thrown 5-6 kilometers (up to 4 miles) from Halemaʻumaʻu, but where they land is largely influenced by wind direction.

Phreatic explosions can produce towering plumes of gritty to fine ash that can be blown farther downwind, possibly tens of kilometers (20 or more miles). The fallout of ash will not be life-threatening, but it will be a nuisance for downwind communities. The thickness of ash deposits at a given location can range from a fine dusting to fractions of an inch, but the total thickness can add up with multiple explosions.

It’s important to note that it’s not 100 percent certain that a phreatic explosion will occur at the summit of Kīlauea. But, based on the disappearance of the summit lava lake (it has now drained completely from view) and geophysical models, there’s a possibility that phreatic explosions could happen in the coming days or weeks. We must also note that these explosions can occur with no—or very little—warning.

To help us understand what could happen at Kīlauea Volcano’s summit, we look to past similar events, but this does not mean that future events
will be exactly the same. This map shows the distribution of ballistics and tephra from the 1924 phreatic (steam-driven) explosions.
Ballistics (blocks of rock) greater than 10 inches in size, with some weighing up to several tons, landed in the shaded pink area. Marble- to
pea-sized rocks (about 0.2–10 inches in size) landed in the yellow shaded area. The surrounding light-colored area was subjected
to gritty to fine ashfall, with fallout locations influenced by wind directionat the time of the explosions. The 1924 phreatic
explosions are described at: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/geo_hist_1924_halemaumau.html. USGS map

Residents living near or downwind of Kīlauea’s summit area should learn about ashfall hazards, stay informed of the volcano’s status, heed all closures, and review family and business emergency plans. For more information about Kīlauea summit ash hazards, please visit https://vog.ivhhn.org/summit-ash-hazards.

On May 9, U.S. Geological Survey scientists presented information about the possible phreatic explosions at Kīlauea’s summit. A video of this presentation is posted at http://www.bigislandvideonews.com/2018/05/09/video-scientists-explain-summit-explosion-concerns-to-volcano-community/.

Visit HVO’s website (https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hvo) for past Volcano Watch articles, Kīlauea daily eruption updates, Mauna Loa weekly updates, volcano photos, maps, recent earthquake info, and more. Call for summary updates at 808-967-8862 (Kīlauea) or 808-967-8866 (Mauna Loa). Email questions to askHVO@usgs.gov.

See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

SUNDAY, MAY 13

CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Mother's Day Buffet, Sun, May 13, 5-8pm, Crater Rim Café, Kīlauea Military Camp, inside Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Main entrees include Prime Rib, Lemon Butter Fish with Tropical Salsa and Vegetable Stir Fry with Tofu. $29/Adult, $14.50/Child (6-11 yrs). Open to authorized KMC patrons and sponsored guests. Park entrance fees apply. Reservations required. 967-8356, kilaueamilitarycamp.com

TUESDAY, MAY 15

Discovery Harbour Volunteer Fire Dept. Mtg., Tue, May 15, 4:30-6:30pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. 929-9576, discoveryharbour.net

Discovery Harbour Volunteer Fire Dept. Meeting, Tue, May 15, 4:30-6:30pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. 929-9576, discoveryharbour.net

WEDNESDAY, MAY 16

Lei Hulu Demonstration, Wed, May 16, 10-noon, Kīlauea Visitor Center lānai, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Kilohana Domingo demonstrates his fine mastery of the intricate art of making feather lei. Free; park entrance fees apply. nps.gov/HAVO

Ocean View Community Association Board Meeting, Wed, May 16, noon-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

THURSDAY, MAY 17

VA Medical Services, Thu, May 3 & 17, 8:30-noon, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

Hawai‘i Disability Legal Services, Thu, May 17, 9-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. ovcahi.org, 939-7033, ovcahawaii@gmail.com

Story Time with Auntie Linda from Tūtū & Me, Thu, May 17, 10:30-noon, Nā‘ālehu Public Library. 929-8571

Hawaiian Civic Club of Ka‘ū, Thu, May 17, 6:30pm, United MethodistChurch in Nā‘ālehu. Pres. Berkley Yoshida, 747-0197

Fishponds Of Hawai‘i: Free Lecture and Slideshow by Carol Araki Wyban, Thu, May 17, 7-8pm, Volcano Art Center. Artist presenting exhibited at Volcano Art Center Gallery, May 12-June 24. volcanoartcenter.org, 967-8222

FRIDAY, MAY 18

Forest Restoration with Friends of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, Friday, May 18, 8:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. Work on the Mauna Loa strip, clearing invasive weeds around native seedlings planted in the past, allowing the park to control blackberry and other weeds without hurting the seedlings. Registration required. To volunteer, contact Patty Kupchak at forest@fhvnp.org or (808) 352-1402 by Monday evening May 14, 2018. Include your first & last name(s), email address(s), and a phone number in case of cancellation.

Ho‘okani Pila (Play Music) Workshop, Fri, May 18, 10-noon, Kahuku Unit, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Learn how to play simple, fun songs on the ‘ukulele. Free. nps.gov/HAVO

SATURDAY, MAY 19

Stained Glass Basics I w/Lois Pollock, Sat & Sun, May 19, 20, 26 & 27, 9-noon, Volcano Art Center. $90/VAC Member, $100/non-Member, plus $15 supply fee/person. Advance registration required; class size limited. volcanoartcenter.org, 967-8222

Hi‘iaka & Pele, Sat, May 19, 9:30-11:30am, Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Discover Hawaiian goddesses and the natural phenomena they represent on this free, moderate, one-mile walk. nps.gov/HAVO

Ocean View C.E.R.T. Meeting, Sat, May 19, 10-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. Monthly meeting/training. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

The Art Express, Sat, May 19, 10-3pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. Classes held once monthly. Learn something new or work on a forgotten project. Instructions on oil, acrylic, watercolor, and other mediums. Class size limited to 25. Meliha Corcoran 319-8989, himeliha@yahoo.com, discoveryharbour.net/art-express

Hula Kahiko w/Wahineaukai Mercado w/Ke Ana La‘ahana PublicCharter School, Sat, May 19, 10:30-11:30am, kahua hula (hula platform) at Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Hula performance. Free; park entrance fees apply. Volcano Art Center, volcanoartcenter.org

Nā Mea Hula w/ Loke Kamanu and ‘ohana, Sat, May 19, 11-1pm, Volcano Art Center Gallery lānai, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Cultural demonstration. Free. volcanoartcenter.org

Mongolian BBQ, Sat, May 19, 5-8pm Kīlauea Military Camp's Crater Rim Café, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. $0.85/ounce - choice of 13 veggies, 4 meats, sauces, chow mein, and beverage. Park entrance fees apply. Open to authorized KMC patrons and sponsored guests. 967-8356, kilaueamilitarycamp.com

Bunco & Potluck, Sat, May 19, 6pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. Popular game played with nine dice, also known as Bonko or Bunko. Bring dish to share. Margie Hack, 541-954-8297

NEW & UPCOMING

A MEMORIAL DAY LEI ARTS AND CRAFTS ACTIVITY, will take place Friday, May 25, from 2 p.m. to 3 p.m., at Kahuku Park in Hawaiian Ocean View Estates, announces Hawai‘i County Department of Parks and Recreation. The free activity is for all ages. Register Monday, May 21, through Friday, May 25. For more, contact Recreation Technician Teresa Anderson at 929-9113. Visit hawaiicounty.gov/recreation/ for more programs and office hours.

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ONGOING
Sign Up for the Nāʻālehu Independence Day Parade, to be held June 30. If interested, call Debra McIntosh at 929-9872.

Tūtū and Me Offers Home Visits to those with keiki zero to five years old: home visits to aid with helpful parenting tips and strategies, educational resources, and a compassionate listening ear. Home visits are free, last 1.5 hours, two to four times a month, for a total of 12 visits, and snacks are provided. For info and to register, call Linda Bong 464-9634.

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Fissure 17, as seen from a helicopter today, measured at over 1,400 feet long. Scientists in the helicopter said they could hear the explosions of erupting lava over the rotor sound. Photo from Big Island Video News

MORE PEOPLE ARE EVACUATING LOWER PUNA AS FISSURE 18 OPENED AND Fissure 17 extended for more than 1,400 feet today. Hawaiʻi County Civil Defense ordered residents to leave homes today on Halekamahina Loop Road. Lava destroyed at least one structure in a field there.
A statement from Hawaiʻi County Civil Defense says: "Residents of lower Puna: there may be little to no advance notice to evacuate, so take this time to prepare. If you evacuate voluntarily, pet-friendly shelters are open at Pāhoa Community Center and Keaʻau Community Center.

"Highway 132 is closed at Pohoiki Road intersection. Only local traffic allowed on Highway 132 (Pāhoa-Kapoho Road) and Highway 137 (Beach Road). Highway 130 is closed at the intersection of Highway 132. Only local traffic allowed into Leilani Subdivision. Highway 130 remains closed between Malama Street and Kamaʻili

Fissure 18 opened up this afternoon, following Fissure 17, which extended
more than 1,400 feet. Photo from USGS

Road. Off-road sightseeing is prohibited. Stay out of the active eruption area. Allow the residents to care for their business.
"Vacation rentals in lower Puna are directed to cease operations to relieve the demand for water as well as reduce the area population so emergency responders can focus on residents who live in the area.

"Due to the continued volcanic activity on Hawaiʻi Island, three charter schools will be closed tomorrow, Monday, May 14, according to the Public Charter School Commission: Volcano School of Arts & Sciences, Ke Kula ʻo Nāwahīokalaniʻōpuʻu Iki, LPCS and Hawaiʻi Academy of Arts and Science Public Charter School.

Earlier today, Civil Defense warned: "Lava spatter activity and gas emissions are occurring at this time on Halekamahina Road located to the west, or Kalapana side, of Highway 132. Due to the volcanic activity, Highway 132 and Highway 137 remain open for local traffic only. Residents of Halekamahina Road are ordered to evacuate and be on the alert for gas emissions and lava spatter.

Aerial view of fissure 16 at 8:27 a.m. yesterday, located
about .8 miles northeast of fissure 15 (top left). The fissure is
northeast of the Puna Geothermal Venture site (top right).
Photo courtesy of Hawaiʻi County Fire Department

“No one is allowed to go off-road, sightseeing. Stay out of the area. The residents of Puna are going through a very difficult time. We ask for your help and understanding.

“Hawaiʻi Police Department is enforcing the Federal Aviation Administration’s Temporary Flight Restriction for lower Puna area. No helicopter or drone activity is allowed without approval.” Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park confirmed during a press conference this morning the FAA restriction is in place at least through May 25.

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NEW LAVA OUTBREAKS IN LOWER PUNA COULD START FLOWING FASTER, according to hints from chemical tests on the most recent lava outbreak in fissure 17, which opened up yesterday. During a press conference this morning, Steve Brantley of USGS said the chemical composition of the new lava is slightly different than lava tested in the first 16 fissures. He said lava that destroyed houses in Leilani Estates may have been stored locally along the Rift Zone since as far back as the 1955 eruption. He said none of that lava appears to be from Puʻu ʻŌʻō or the summit of Kīlauea Volcano.

During an overflight on May 11, thermal images were collected
of the crater at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō to create an updated 3D model of the crater
geometry. The collapse on April 30 produced a large cavity, with the deepest
point roughly 350 m (1150 feet) below the crater rim. Image from USGS

The chemistry of lava from new fissure 17 that opened yesterday indicates a possibility that it could have come from Puʻu ʻŌʻō and the Kīlauea summit, finally making its way to lower Puna where it could erupt onto the landscape. Brantley said scientists expect the fresher, hotter, more fluid magma to emerge at some point during this eruption.
Given this possibility, Hawaiʻi County Civil Defense has warned lower Puna residents that they might have to evacuate quickly, if the faster flowing, more fluid lava erupts.

Regarding the possibility of explosive eruptions at Haelmaʻumaʻu, Brantley said scientists are unable to determine the level of the lava lake at the summit. Visual, laser range finding, and thermal imaging are unavailable for tracking the level of the lake, since it has dropped beyond view and is inaccessible for imaging. Scientists are assuming that the level continues to go down, based on deflation and tilt measurements, and will reach groundwater, which could cause steam-driven explosions.

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VOLCANIC HAZARDS AND ACTIVITY are posted at the International Volcanic Health Hazard Network. The new resource covers the current eruptive activity and associated hazards at Kīlauea’s summit and the Lower East Rift Zone. See vog.ivhhn.org.

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AIR QUALITY IN KAʻ TODAY was reported healthy as far as combined measurements of particulates, ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. At 2 p.m., the Air Quality index registered a 0 in Pāhala. Ocean View registered at 65, which is "moderate" air quality. Reading later in the day were unavailable. See AirNow.

The SO2 in Pāhala waffled between "good" air at 0.04 parts per million at 12 a.m., to "unhealthy for sensitive groups" at .32 ppm at 6 a.m., back to "good" air at 0.03 ppm at 1:15 p.m., continuing good through 8 p.m. Ocean View's range was between 0.02 ppm at 12 a.m., to a single spike of air "unhealthy for sensitive groups," registering at 0.21 ppm at 9 a.m., and back to healthy air, also registering at 0.03 ppm at 1:15 p.m., continuing good through 8 p.m. See Hawaiʻi Short Term SO2 Advisory.

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Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death has spread from Hawaiʻi Island where it killed some
135,000 acres of native ʻōhiʻa trees, to Moloaʻa Forest Preserve on Kauaʻi.
SeeThe Nature Conservancy film.

THE RAPID ʻŌHIʻA DEATH FUNGUS HAS SPREAD FROM THE BIG ISLAND TO KAUAʻI, according to the state Department of Land and Natural Resources. DLNR botanist Adam Williams found five dead ʻōhiʻa trees while working in the Moloaʻa Forest Reserve on Kauaʻi early this week.
A team identified the fungus as Ceratocystis huliohia, a slower-acting fungus than the more aggressive Ceratocystis lukuohia. Both species are found on Hawaiʻi Island, where Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death has infected 135,000 acres of the native tree that makes up 80 percent of the native forest here, essential for producing groundwater. ʻŌhiʻa makes up 50 percent of all forest on Hawaiʻi Island.

Rotorods have been installed in hala trees at the
Moloaʻa Forest Reserve where Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death was
detected on Kaua‘i. Photo from ROD Facebook

The infected trees in the Moloaʻa Forest Reserve on Kauaʻi represent the first finding of Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death beyond Hawaiʻi Island. A team of state and federal scientists are using drones, digital mapping, and other techniques to learn the origin of the fungus. They installed rotorods in hala trees in the area on Kauaʻi where Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death was detected.
Rotorods measure airborne particulates and can help researchers detect airborne frass - beetle boring dust - that may harbor infectious spores. The information gathered from rotorods can help determine if ROD-infected beetle frass is airborne and potentially spreading in the area.
See The Nature Conservancy film on Rapid

ʻŌhiʻa Death.

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A TRAFFIC DEATH RESULTED FROM A PICKUP TRUCK ROLLING OVER on Hwy 11 between Pāhala and Volcano this morning around 7:45 a.m. Police reported the accident at the 41 mile marker. The vehicle was a Toyota pickup with the driver ejected and pronounced dead at the scene. No name has been released.

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A MOTHER'S DAY MESSAGE FROM SEN. MAZIE HIRONO circulated today. She wrote: "When I was nearly eight years old, my mother, Laura, made the courageous decision to escape an abusive marriage in Japan and create a better life for my brothers and me in Hawaiʻi.

"Mom worked two jobs to put food on the table and sewed all my clothes herself. Our early years were difficult, but together, we persevered. Mom’s 93 now and has lived with me and my husband, Leighton, for over 20 years. Over the years, she’s done everything she could to support me –

Mazie Hirono, left, and her mother, who came to Hawaiʻi with nothing and built a life for
their family. Photo from Sen. Mazie Hirono

including making her famous guava jelly to give away, haku lei, and cards decorated with

flowers that she grew and pressed herself. Mom’s decision to leave Japan changed my life. It paved the way for opportunities that led to my service in the U.S. Senate. Nothing that I can do will ever match her courage.

"On Mother’s Day, I honor my mom, and all of the mothers in Hawaiʻi who make courageous decisions and quiet sacrifices for their children every day. Mahalo nui loa for all that you do."

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A MOTHER'S DAY MESSAGE FROM GOV. DAVID IGE'S TEAM says, "Our moms are our first and most important teachers. Tsurue Ige, Governor Ige’s mother, grew up on a sugar plantation when schools only went through the 8th grade. But, she believed that anyone could aspire to their dreams. Tsurue sacrificed so much in order to provide opportunities that included achieving a good education for her six sons.

"First Lady Dawn Ige is also an incredibly caring woman and mother. Utilizing her business and education background, she actively promotes healthy living opportunities through the Choose Healthy Now program, advocating for strong Hawai‘i families and keiki. As the mother of Amy, Lauren, and Matthew, Dawn is dedicated to her family and our community through her public service in education and healthcare."

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HAWAIʻI STATE TEACHER’S ASSOCIATION ENDORSED GOV. DAVID IGE yesterday. The group represents approximately 13,700 educators from public and charter schools. A release from Ige’s office states:

“From expanding the EarlyCollegeprogram so all Hawaiʻi public school students can earn college credits while in high school, to creating Hawaiʻi's Promise to eliminate the cost barriers of higher education for students in need of financial assistance, Governor Ige has always been a champion for our teachers and students.

“Governor Ige knows that investment in education is the greatest predictor of economic innovation and success, and Team Ige is thrilled for the Governor and the recognition he has received for his many accomplishments for Hawaiʻi's education.”

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See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

TUESDAY, MAY 15

Discovery Harbour Volunteer Fire Dept. Mtg., Tue, May 15, 4:30-6:30pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. 929-9576, discoveryharbour.net

Discovery Harbour Volunteer Fire Dept. Meeting, Tue, May 15, 4:30-6:30pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. 929-9576, discoveryharbour.net

WEDNESDAY, MAY 16

CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Lei Hulu Demonstration, Wed, May 16, 10-noon, Kīlauea Visitor Center lānai, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Kilohana Domingo demonstrates his fine mastery of the intricate art of making feather lei. Free; park entrance fees apply. nps.gov/HAVO

Ocean View Community Association Board Meeting, Wed, May 16, noon-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

THURSDAY, MAY 17

VA Medical Services, Thursdays, May 17, 24, & 31, 8:30-noon, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

Hawai‘i Disability Legal Services, Thu, May 17, 9-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. ovcahi.org, 939-7033, ovcahawaii@gmail.com

Story Time with Auntie Linda from Tūtū & Me, Thu, May 17, 10:30-noon, Nā‘ālehu Public Library. 929-8571

Hawaiian Civic Club of Ka‘ū, Thu, May 17, 6:30pm, United MethodistChurch in Nā‘ālehu. Pres. Berkley Yoshida, 747-0197

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Fishponds Of Hawai‘i: Free Lecture and Slideshow by Carol Araki Wyban, Thu, May 17, 7-8pm, Volcano Art Center. Artist presenting exhibited at Volcano Art Center Gallery, May 12-June 24. volcanoartcenter.org, 967-8222

FRIDAY, MAY 18

Ho‘okani Pila (Play Music) Workshop, Fri, May 18, 10-noon, Kahuku Unit, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Learn how to play simple, fun songs on the ‘ukulele. Free. nps.gov/HAVO

SATURDAY, MAY 19

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Hi‘iaka & Pele, Sat, May 19, 9:30-11:30am, Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Discover Hawaiian goddesses and the natural phenomena they represent on this free, moderate, one-mile walk. nps.gov/HAVO

Ocean View C.E.R.T. Meeting, Sat, May 19, 10-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. Monthly meeting/training. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Hula Kahiko w/Wahineaukai Mercado w/Ke Ana La‘ahana Public Charter School, Sat, May 19, 10:30-11:30am, kahua hula (hula platform) at Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Hula performance. Free; park entrance fees apply. Volcano Art Center, volcanoartcenter.org

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Nā Mea Hula w/ Loke Kamanu and ‘ohana, Sat, May 19, 11-1pm, Volcano Art Center Gallery lānai, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Cultural demonstration. Free. volcanoartcenter.org

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Mongolian BBQ, Sat, May 19, 5-8pm Kīlauea Military Camp's Crater Rim Café, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. $0.85/ounce - choice of 13 veggies, 4 meats, sauces, chow mein, and beverage. Park entrance fees apply. Open to authorized KMC patrons and sponsored guests. 967-8356, kilaueamilitarycamp.com

Bunco & Potluck, Sat, May 19, 6pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. Popular game played with nine dice, also known as Bonko or Bunko. Bring dish to share. Margie Hack, 541-954-8297

SUNDAY, MAY 20

Hawai‘i Wildlife Fund Volunteer Day w/Island Naturals, Sun, May 20, contact in advance for meeting time at Wai‘ōhinu Park. Space limited. Free; donations appreciated. kahakai.cleanups@gmail.com, wildhawaii.org

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: People & Land of Kahuku, Sun, May 20, 9:30-12:30pm, Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Free, guided, 2.5-mile, moderately difficult hike over rugged terrain focuses on the area's human history. nps.gov/HAVO

NEW & UPCOMING

Kumu Hula Wahineaukai Mercado. Event details at left.
Photo from volcanoartcener.org

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: KUMU HULA WAHINEAUKAI MERCADO with the haumana of Ke Ana Laʻahana Public Charter School perform the second Volcano Art Center’s Hula Kahiko this month, on Saturday, May 19, fro 10:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.
The performance will take place in a one-of-a-kind outdoor setting at the kahua hula (hula platform) in the Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. Audience members are encouraged to bring sun/rain gear and sitting mats. Free; however, park entrance fees apply.
The event is supported in part by a grant from the County of Hawaiʻi Department of Research and Development and the Hawaiʻi Tourism Authority and individual funding from members of the Volcano Art Center’s ʻohana.
Call 967-8222 or visit volcanoartcenter.org for more.

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Ka‘iulani Carvalho presents a workshop
on bamboo stamping this month.
Event details at right.
Photo from volcanoartcenter.org

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: NĀ MEA HULA DEMONSTRATION WITH NATIVE HAWAIIAN PRACTITIONER KA‘IULANI CARVALHO follows on Saturday, May 19, from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. on the lanai of the Volcano Art Gallery in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Carvalho presents a workshop on the art of ‘Ohe Kapala, bamboo stamping.
Carvalho was born in Hilo and raised in Puna. She is a 2012 graduate of Ke Kula ʻO Nāwahīokalaniʻōpuʻu, a Hawaiian Language Immersion Public Charter School. She holds a Bachelor’s degree in Hawaiian Studies and Psychology from the University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo and is currently pursuing certification from Kahuawaiola – the Indigenous Teacher Education Graduate Program.
Free; however, park entrance fees apply. Call 967-8222 or visit volcanoartcenter.org for more.

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MAY BE CANCELLED OR MOVED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: KDEN AUDITIONS for summer musical, Lionel Bart's Oliver, Tue and Wed, May 22 & 23, 6:30 p.m., at KMC's Kilauea Theater. Parts for all ages and ability. Auditioneers should be prepared to sing a song that best shows their vocal range and dress comfortably to move on the stage. There will also be cold readings.

Principal characters include: Oliver - the orphan boy, Fagin - the conniving criminal, Nancy - Fagin's friend and Bill Sike's wife, Mr Brownlow - Oliver's grandfather, Bill Sikes - Nancy's brute of a husband, Mr. Bumble - the beadle of the workhouse, and Artful Dodger - the cleverest of Fagin's pickpockets. Other fun characters include the Undertaker Sowerberry and his wife, along with their daughter Charlotte and aide Noah; Charley Bates the Dodger's friend; Bet - Nancy's sister; Mrs. Corney - the matron of the workhouse; house-servant Mrs. Bedwin; Dr. Grimwig; and Old Sally.

The show will run July 13 through 29. For more information call 982-7344 or email kden73@aol.com.

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Large steam and rock explosion at Halemaʻumaʻu in 1924, following the draining of the lava from the summit
crater and a lava push into lower Puna. USGS photo

AN AIR QUALITY CODE RED ALERT CAME FROM CIVIL DEFENSE for the Lanipuna Gardens community in lower Puna at 4:40 p.m. today: "Hawaiʻi Fire Department reports that fissures in the southeast area of Lanipuna Gardens area are issuing high levels of Sulfur Dioxide gas at this time. Residents in the area and surrounding farm lots on Pohoiki Road near Lanipuna Gardens are advised the air quality is condition RED. Condition RED means immediate danger to health so take action to limit further exposure. Severe conditions may exist such as choking and inability to breathe. This is a serious situation that affects the entire exposed population.

Eruption from fissure 17 yesterday. The flow is not endangering
any roads or homes at this time, and is headed toward the ocean.
Photo by Andrew Richard Hara

"The Hawaiʻi state Department of Health reports that the current eruption activity is producing dangerous Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) gas and other emissions that are hazardous; especially for elderly, young children and babies, and people with respiratory problems. People who are downwind or close to the vents and lava flows are also at high risk. Be aware of the unpredictable nature of dangerous levels of SO2 gas because it can be carried far from the fissures with wind speed and direction.

"Due to the presence of SO2 hazards in lower Puna, the following are issued:

"Leaving the area of volcanic activity or sheltering in place is the best way to protect yourself and your family. Only specialized masks available for purchase will protect from the dangerous gases and particulate matter that are being released in the current volcanic activity.

"Take precautions. When levels of vog are elevated: Avoid outdoor activities that cause heavy breathing. Drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration. Avoid smoking and second-hand smoke. Stay indoors and close windows and doors prior to gas inundation. If an air conditioner is used, set it to recirculate. Always keep medications on hand and readily available. Daily prescribed medications should be taken on schedule and may provide relief from the effects of sulfur dioxide, and contact a doctor as soon as possible if any health problems develop.

Dusk shot of eruption from fissure 17 yesterday afternoon.
Photo by Andrew Richard Hara

"Monitor vog levels and forecasts: People on Hawaiʻi Island outside the area of volcanic activity are also advised to monitor levels of vog at www.ivhn.org/vog.

"County, State and Federal partners continue to monitor the situation. You will be informed of any conditions that affect your safety."

In addition to the S02, the oubreaks in lower Puna have produced "powerful steam jets"
intermittently near the west end of fissure 17. "These jets may be responsible for some of the loud sounds reported by residents and emergency workers," reports Civil Defense. For the most recent map showing the locations of activity, see https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/multimedia_maps.html

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Halemaʻumaʻu with steam and ash rising this afternoon at 2:10 p.m., taken
from a webcam mounted on Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, about
1.2 miles away. Halemaʻumaʻu Crater is approximately .6 miles across
and 280 feet deep. USGS photo

TWO THIRDS OF HAWAIʻI VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK remains closed since Friday, May 11, due to ongoing seismic activity, summit deflation, and the possibility of a steam explosion at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano.

Only the Kahuku Unit is open during normal hours, Friday through Sunday, 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Kahuku is a one-hour drive south of the park’s main entrance on Highway 11. The park is planning to increase the number of days the Kahuku Unit is open and will provide an update via official park communications channels and its website, www.nps.gov/hawaiivolcanoes.

Other areas of the park will reopen when it is safe to do so, said a statement from HVNP officials today.

At the request of the park, the Federal Aviation Administration has issued a Temporary Flight Restriction that extends 20,000 feet AGL and in a 12-nautical-mile radius around the summit of Kīlauea.

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PĀHALA RECORDED UNHEALTHY SO2 LEVELS FROM 8:15 a.m. to 11 a.m. this morning.
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory reported ash from Halemaʻumaʻu Crater moving with the winds into Kaʻū. "This morning, a steady, vigorous plume of steam and occasionally minor amounts of ash is rising from the Overlook vent and drifting downwind to the southwest. Ash has been observed over the past several days, occasional rockfalls into the deep vent are expected to produce intermittent pulses of slightly more vigorous ash emissions. Depending on wind conditions, dustings of ash may occur in the Kīlauea summit area and downwind. More energetic ash emissions are possible if explosive activity commences."

As a precaution Volcano School of the Arts & Sciences remained closed today, along with charter schools in lower Puna.
This afternoon, Hawaiʻi Civil Defense distributed Toxic Gas Exposure Policy flyers door to door in Pāhala.
Ash fell on vehicles in Pāhala into Waiʻōhinu today.

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THE IDENTITY OF THE TRAFFIC VICTIM on Hwy 11 Sunday morning at Kapapala has been released. According to the police report, the 28-year old Hilo man, Brayden T. Martin, was driving north on Hwy 11 at the 41.5 mile marker when his 2002 Toyota pickup crossed the center line, hit an embankment on the other side of the road and rolled. He was ejected from the truck and found dead at the scene. Police received the call at 7:48 a.m. There is no indication that any ashfall that may have fallen on the highway was responsible for the accident. The police report indicated "inattention" of the driver.

See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

TUESDAY, MAY 15

Discovery Harbour Volunteer Fire Dept. Mtg., Tue, May 15, 4:30-6:30pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. 929-9576, discoveryharbour.net

Discovery Harbour Volunteer Fire Dept. Meeting, Tue, May 15, 4:30-6:30pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. 929-9576, discoveryharbour.net

WEDNESDAY, MAY 16

CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Lei Hulu Demonstration, Wed, May 16, 10-noon, Kīlauea Visitor Center lānai, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Kilohana Domingo demonstrates his fine mastery of the intricate art of making feather lei. Free; park entrance fees apply. nps.gov/HAVO

Ocean View Community Association Board Meeting, Wed, May 16, noon-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

THURSDAY, MAY 17

VA Medical Services, Thu, May 3 & 17, 8:30-noon, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

Hawai‘i Disability Legal Services, Thu, May 17, 9-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. ovcahi.org, 939-7033, ovcahawaii@gmail.com

Story Time with Auntie Linda from Tūtū & Me, Thu, May 17, 10:30-noon, Nā‘ālehu Public Library. 929-8571

Hawaiian Civic Club of Ka‘ū, Thu, May 17, 6:30pm, United MethodistChurch in Nā‘ālehu. Pres. Berkley Yoshida, 747-0197

CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Fishponds Of Hawai‘i: Free Lecture and Slideshow by Carol Araki Wyban, Thu, May 17, 7-8pm, Volcano Art Center. Artist presenting exhibited at Volcano Art Center Gallery, May 12-June 24. volcanoartcenter.org, 967-8222

FRIDAY, MAY 18

Ho‘okani Pila (Play Music) Workshop, Fri, May 18, 10-noon, Kahuku Unit, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Learn how to play simple, fun songs on the ‘ukulele. Free. nps.gov/HAVO

SATURDAY, MAY 19

Ocean View C.E.R.T. Meeting, Sat, May 19, 10-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. Monthly meeting/training. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Hula Kahiko w/Wahineaukai Mercado w/Ke Ana La‘ahana PublicCharter School, Sat, May 19, 10:30-11:30am, kahua hula (hula platform) at Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Hula performance. Free; park entrance fees apply. Volcano Art Center, volcanoartcenter.org

Bunco & Potluck, Sat, May 19, 6pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. Popular game played with nine dice, also known as Bonko or Bunko. Bring dish to share. Margie Hack, 541-954-8297

SUNDAY, MAY 20

People & Land of Kahuku, Sun, May 20, 9:30-12:30pm, Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Free, guided, 2.5-mile, moderately difficult hike over rugged terrain focuses on the area's human history. nps.gov/HAVO

MONDAY, MAY 21

Ka‘ū Homeschool Co–op Group, Monday, May 21, 1 p.m., Ocean View Community Center. A parent led homeschool activity/social group building community in Ka‘ū. Laura Roberts, 406-249-3351

NEW & UPCOMING

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: KĪLAUEA MILITARY CAMP INVITES THE PUBLIC TO A MEMORIAL DAY CEREMONY on their front lawn, inside Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park, on Monday, May 28, starting at 3 p.m. The gathering remembers and pays “tribute to those who made the ultimate sacrifice for our country,” say the event descriptio
Major Kawika Hosea, Executive Officer of 1-299 Cavalry Regiment, Keaukaha Military Reservation, is the Keynote Speaker for the event.
In case of rain, ceremony will move indoors. Open to authorized KMC patrons and sponsored guests. Park entrance fees apply. For more information, call 967-8371 or visit kilaueamilitarycamp.com.

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MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: A MEMORIAL DAY BUFFET follows the Memorial Day Ceremony at Kīlauea Military Camp on Saturday, May 28, from 4 p.m. to 7 p.m., in Crater Rim Café.

The menu includes BBQ Kalua Pork, Local Styles Fried Chicken with Gravy, Salads and more and is priced at $19 per Adult and $10 per Child, 6 to 11 years old.
Kīlauea Military Camp is located inside Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. The event is open to authorized KMC patrons and sponsored guests. Park entrance fees apply. For more information, call 967-8356 or visit kilaueamilitarycamp.com.

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ONGOING

Sign Up for the Nāʻālehu Independence Day Parade, to be held June 30. If interested, call Debra McIntosh at 929-9872.

Tūtū and Me Offers Home Visits to those with keiki zero to five years old: home visits to aid with helpful parenting tips and strategies, educational resources, and a compassionate listening ear. Home visits are free, last 1.5 hours, two to four times a month, for a total of 12 visits, and snacks are provided. For info and to register, call Linda Bong 464-9634.

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Halemaʻumaʻu ash plume this morning. Photo by Cindy Orlando

MESSAGES OF ROCK FALLS AND GAS EXPLOSIONS within Halemaʻumaʻu Crater came from Hawaiʻi County Civil Defense today, beginning at 10 a.m. with a report of "an ash plume which is carrying ash downstream across the Kaʻū District. Ash is being reported along Highway 11 to Pāhala."

At Volcano Golf Course, and along Highway 11, folks looked up to see a giant grey ash cloud rising before them, with reports of it extending some 11,000 feet into the sky. This evening, Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park stationed a lit sign on Hwy 11, telling drivers not to stop for the next ten miles. The effort is to keep people as far away from the crater as possible, as more ash plumes and possible steam explosions are expected.

Civil Defense cautioned: "Avoid excessive exposure to ash which is an eye and respiratory irritant. Those with respiratory sensitivities should take extra precaution to minimize exposure. Motorists are advised to drive with caution."

Looking up at Halemaʻumaʻu plume from Volcano Golf

Course. Image posted on Hawaiʻi News Now

At 1 p.m. with the blue sky over Kapapala turning a grey-brown, as ash rolled from Volcano toward Pāhala, another alert: "The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory reports a steady eruption of ash coming from Halemaʻumaʻu Crater is causing ash to fall downwind across portions of Kaʻū District. Ash is being reported along Highway 11 to Pāhala." By about 4 p.m., the ash plume turned to a whiter color of steam.

Last night Hawai`i News Now carried stories of ash in Kaʻū. Jessie Marques, founder of Kaʻū Rural Health Community Association, showed her mask that she keeps with her in her truck and in her home in Pāhala. "I do have neighbors and friends and family and it has created more problems for them. Now they tend to stay indoors... it has created a breathing problem for them," she told Hawaiʻi News Now.

Jessie Marques of Kaʻū Rural Health Community Association talked

with Hawaiʻi News Now about the affects of SO2 and ash on health.

Image from Daryl Lee/Hawaiʻi News Now

Marques said the bad air has exacerbated her own asthma. She pointed to ash covering her truck and said it is covering lanais, decks, and buildings.

Hawaiʻi News Now also interviewed Kaʻū Coffee Mill manager Lou Daniele, who reported ash fall and discomfort among outdoor workers at the mill and farm.
The news broadcast showed Marlene Freitas, of the Pāhala coffee growing family, being approached by Civil Defense volunteers going door to door, giving out information on protecting families from fumes and ash.

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Halemaʻumaʻu plume, viewed from Highway 11 today.
Photo by Andrew Richard Hara

EXTENDED ELECTRICAL POWER INTERRUPTIONS could be possible if ash from Halemaʻumaʻu falls on insulators and utility equipment, Hawaiʻi Electric Light Co. reported this evening. "A combination of a light dusting of ash and moisture on utility insulators could result in electrical short circuits, which could cause power interruptions," warned Rhea Lee-Moku, spokesperson for Hawaiʻi Electric Light. "If this occurs, we are prepared to respond once it is safe for employees to work in the impacted area. While we have equipment that can wash off ash from utility equipment, this is the first experience we will have with widespread volcanic ash."

The utility stated that "Extended power interruptions may occur if the ash fallout covers a large area or is very heavy and damages utility equipment. Hawaiʻi Electric Light recommends customers who experience a power interruption to: Unplug sensitive electronic equipment and other electric appliances; keep the doors to refrigerator and freezer closed as much as possible; discard any perishable food that has been above 41 degrees F for over two hours; food can stay cold in the refrigerator for up to four to six hours if the door is kept closed and for about one to three days in the freezer, depending on how full the freezer is.

A Civil Air Patrol plane caught this image of the ash plume topping out at 9,000 feet,
with dispersed plume reaching 11,000 feet this morning. CAP photo

“Those dependent on life support should make prior arrangements with a hospital or emergency facility.”

A total of about 400 customers in Leilani Estates and LanipunaGardens are without power. No additional outages have been caused by new fissures that opened in the last 24 hours.

Steam, seismic activity and cracking pavement can affect the stability of poles and electrical equipment. Last week, line crews replaced a pole that fell on Leilani Avenue that may have been toppled by shifting ground, even though it was some distance from an active fissure.

Hawaiʻi Electric Light continues to warn residents to, “assume that all downed lines and equipment are energized and dangerous. Stay at least three cars lengths away from downed lines and use caution around all poles and overhead lines.”

Halemaʻumaʻu plume seen by firefighter Lizzy Stabo
on Highway 11 today. Photo by Lizzy Stabo

Hawaiʻi Electric Light personnel started working in Leilani Estates today to secure equipment so that it is safe and to reduce the potential for future damage - replacing an anchor to stabilize a pole, for example. While residents will see workers in the area, workers will not make repairs or re-energize any circuits while volcanic activity continues, said the Hawaiʻi Electric Light statement.

"With the shutdown of the Puna Geothermal Venture plant, Hawaiʻi Electric Light still has sufficient power generation available to meet the island's needs. PGV is an independent power producer that sells electricity to Hawaiʻi Electric Light."

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AS LAVA FROM FISSURE 17 SLOWLY MOVED TOWARD THE OCEAN - in the direction of Kaimu Kapoho Road, Vacationland, and Kapoho Bay - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory reported this evening that Fissure 6, near Leilani Avenue and Pohoiki Road, has become active again. Lava fountaining and spatter began about 4:45 p.m.
Up at Kīlauea Crater, HVO has increased the Aviation Color Code to Red due to increased ash emission. "Ash has been rising nearly continuously from the vent and drifting downwind to the southwest. Ashfall and vog have been reported along Highway 11 to Pāhala. At any time, activity may increase the intensity of ash production," said the 6 p.m. report.

Green triangles show fissures and brown areas are where lava covered ground. Fissure 17 is feeding the lava flowing
toward the coast toward the Kaimu Kapoho Road, Kapoho Bay, and Vacationland. Enlarge the map for detail.

Due to the volcanic activity, Volcano School of Art and Science will be closed tomorrow. For up to date information go to http://www.hawaiicounty.gov/2018-lava-map. For the latest images and information from Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea

/multimedia_chronology.html

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HEAD OF THE U.S. SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PLANS TO COME TO HAWAIʻI and work with Sen. Mazie K. Hirono. According to Hirono, Linda McMahon will assist Hawaiʻi small business owners affected by recent natural disasters. Hirono, who questioned the Small Business Administration director during a Small Business Committee Oversight Hearing in the U.S. Senate today, urged McMahon to meet with business owners impacted by natural disasters of the volcano on Hawaiʻi Island, and flooding on Kauaʻi, and Oʻahu.

Sen. Mazie Hirono questions SBA Adminisitrator Linda
McMahon today U.S. Senate hearing. See video.

“Small businesses in all of these communities must completely rebuild or are severely impacted by losses in visitor revenue,” said Hirono. “Our immediate response has been focused on relief efforts, but these communities will require additional resources to recover from these disasters. I look forward to continuing our work together to ensure that Hawai`i businesses impacted by these natural disasters have the support they need in the coming weeks and months.”

Hirono maintains a list of resources and information from government agencies on her website for Hawai`i residents affected by recent natural disasters.

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TO KEEP TRAFFIC MOVING IN LOWER PUNA, the state Department of Transportation is installing metal plates on top of cracks in the Keaau-Pāhoa Road (Highway 130) from Malama Street to Kamaili Road. Motorists are advised to drive with caution. HDOT and County personnel will be stationed along the route to ensure the roadway is safe for local traffic. The state Dept. of Health reports hazardous emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas from fissures remain especially dangerous for elderly, children/babies, and people with respiratory problems. SO2 can be carried with wind, or cover an area with no wind.

Lava coming from Fissure 17 appears to be headed toward Kapoho.
Photo from Big Island Video News

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THE POTENTIAL FOR A TSUNAMI generated from volcanic activity in Puna and Halemaʻumaʻu is an unfounded rumor, the Hawaiʻi County Civil Defense Agency reported this evening. An agency spokesperson said Civil Defense has received several inquiries from media and the public asking about the potential for a tsunami to affect other counties. "This is a false message being spread."

According to Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, "There is no geologic evidence for a tsunami-generating earthquake at this time. Any such event is extremely unlikely. Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, the PacificTsunamiWarningCenter,and other county, state, and federal partners continue to monitor the volcanic and seismic activity. We will inform you of any conditions that affect your safety," said the Civil Defense statement.

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Volunteer Income Tax Assistance certificate holders helped with tax preparation through Good

Will Industries. The Hawai`i Community College students are: Maria Jessica Malicdem, Jorge

Cisneros, Kapua Silva, Kylee Kaakimaka Paris, Shereen Tagarino, Siniva Pota (instructor),

Alexis Terlep, Philomena Scherling, and Dylan Sofia Lee. Photo from HCC

STUDENTS IN ACCOUNTING VOLUNTEERED TO HELP WITH TAX PREPARATION this tax season. The volunteer effort was arranged by Hawaiʻi Community College, instructor Siniva Pota and Goodwill Industries. Good Will Industries of Hawaiʻi Assistant Director of Career Services Raymond Saludares, said, “These students exhibited a remarkable level of professionalism and dedication in preparing quality tax returns that enhance the standard of living for those who may not be able to afford the high cost of tax return preparations.”

The volunteer students in Accounting 134 were taught the practical skill of preparing federal and Hawaiʻi individual tax returns and received Volunteer Income Tax Assistance certificates.

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Emergency bags for keiki of Ka‘ū project is almost

complete. Contact Dina Shisler to help finish the

project so bags can be distributed at Nā‘ālehu

Elementary School. Photo by Dina Shisler

Bags containing helpful items will be

distributed at Nā‘ālehu Elementary

School. Photo by Dina Shisler

EMERGENCY BAGS FOR KEIKI, created by Community Emergency Response Team volunteers in DiscoveryHarbour, are nearly complete. The project’s goal was to put together 400 of these bags, with items both useful and fun: “Anything a child from Kindergarten to 5th grade could play with to keep them busy during a disaster,” states Dina Shisler, who has organized this effort.

“I have made my goal of 400 bags and can't wait to see each student of Nā‘ālehuElementary School go home with one,” said Shisler. “My hope is that other communities see this and start their Student program. I am happy to meet with any one that would like my help to put their plan together. Mahalo to The Ka‘ū Calendar for all the help getting my message out.”

The bags are designed for children's safety and security, to carry personal items needed in case of a natural disaster. Each bag contains 1 whistle with lanyard, 1 small flashlight with lanyard, a battery, a preparedness coloring book provided by Hawaiʻi Health Dept., flyer for parents, a Spinner donated by Ocean View Ace Hardware, and a fun gift provided by DiscoveryHarbour residents Carol & Earl Spradling and Ed & Marvell Rau. Each bag will have each child's name, address, and names of parents and guardians. Each will carry a blanket, pair of pajamas, stuffed toys, and photos of parents, friends, and pets.

Ka Lae Quilters Hetty Rush and Amy Krommes make emergency

backpacks for children as part of their volunteer work for the

Community Emergency Response Team. Photo by Dina Shisler

Members of Ka Lae Quilters used their expertise to sew the bags to hold the items. C.E.R.T. members enlisted the Ka‘ū Police Department, the Discovery Harbour Volunteer Fire Dept., Discount Fabric Warehouse owner Bill Miller, and The Ka‘ū Calendar newspaper. The bags will be distributed at the Nā‘ālehuElementary School when they are complete.

Contact Shisler at dinashisler24@yahoo.com or 410-935-8087.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

WEDNESDAY, MAY 16

Ocean View Community Association Board Meeting, Wed, May 16, noon-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

THURSDAY, MAY 17

VA Medical Services, Thu, May 3 & 17, 8:30-noon, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

Hawai‘i Disability Legal Services, Thu, May 17, 9-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. ovcahi.org, 939-7033, ovcahawaii@gmail.com

Story Time with Auntie Linda from Tūtū & Me, Thu, May 17, 10:30-noon, Nā‘ālehu Public Library. 929-8571

Hawaiian Civic Club of Ka‘ū, Thu, May 17, 6:30pm, United MethodistChurch in Nā‘ālehu. Pres. Berkley Yoshida, 747-0197

FRIDAY, MAY 18

Ho‘okani Pila (Play Music) Workshop, Fri, May 18, 10-noon, Kahuku Unit, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Learn how to play simple, fun songs on the ‘ukulele. Free. nps.gov/HAVO

SATURDAY, MAY 19

Ocean View C.E.R.T. Meeting, Sat, May 19, 10-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. Monthly meeting/training. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

Bunco & Potluck, Sat, May 19, 6pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. Popular game played with nine dice, also known as Bonko or Bunko. Bring dish to share. Margie Hack, 541-954-8297

SUNDAY, MAY 20

MONDAY, MAY 21

Ka‘ū Homeschool Co–op Group, Monday, May 21, 1 p.m., Ocean View Community Center. A parent led homeschool activity/social group building community in Ka‘ū. Laura Roberts, 406-249-3351

Discovery Harbour Neighborhood Watch Meeting, Mon, May 21, 5-6:30pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. 929-9576, discoveryharbour.net

TUESDAY, MAY 22

HOVE Road Maintenance Monthly Meeting, Tue, May 22, 3 p.m., RMC Office in Ocean View. hoveroad.com, 929-9910

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Auditions for Kīlauea Drama & Entertainments Musical "Oliver," Tue & Wed, May 22 & 23, 6:30pm, Kīlauea Military Camp's Kīlauea Theater. Parts for all ages and ability. 982-7344, kden73@aol.com

NEW & UPCOMING

VOLCANO ART CENTER ANNOUNCES A GIGANTIC RUMMAGE SALE event, yART, on Saturday, June 2, from 8:30 a.m. to 2 p.m., to benefit their programs and workshops. The event takes place in Volcano Art Center’s Hale Ho‘omana.
The art center is seeking gardening and yard equipment, kitchen items, art, prints, collectables, tools, appliances, furniture, and “those odd christmas gifts,” says the event description. All items must be clean and in working condition. Volcano Art Center asks that donated items be brought to their Volcano Village location on Old Volcano Road by Sunday, May 26.
For more, call 967-8222 or visit volcanoartcenter.org.

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ONGOING
Sign Up for the Nāʻālehu Independence Day Parade, to be held June 30. If interested, call Debra McIntosh at 929-9872.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

Ash plume from Halemaʻumaʻu as seen from Volcano Golf Course yesterday. Photo by Annabelle Lewis

A 4.4 MAGNITUDE EARTHQUAKE SHOOK KĪLAUEA'S SUMMIT AND VOLCANO VILLAGE early this morning, followed by many more quakes and a three-foot drop in the floor of Kīlauea Crater. Cracks opened up across Highway 11 between the entrance to Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park and Volcanoes Golf Course. A very shallow magnitude 3.5 quake located 0.1 miles beneath the summit of Kīlauea Volcano damaged buildings inside the park around 11:30 a.m. The quake left behind a web of earth cracks and uneven road surfaces on Highway 11 and other park roadways. No injuries were reported.

Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park warns motorists of cracks in Highwy 11 between
Mile Markers 28 and 29, Kaʻū side of the entrance to the park. NPS Photo

Park emergency managers urge motorists to slow down and use caution on Highway 11, particularly between mile markers 28 and 29, and Pi‘i Mauna Road, where most damage occurred. The park, which has jurisdiction of Highway 11 between mile markers 28 and 38.5, is not closing Highway 11 at this time.

In addition, motorists are reminded that stopping for non-emergency purposes along the side and shoulders of Highway 11 in the park is prohibited.

“We are leaving Highway 11 open at this time, but will close it if it becomes unsafe for motorists,” said Chief Ranger John Broward. “We suspect we’ll find additional damage throughout the park once we have time to assess damage,” he said.

The earthquake also created sizable cracks and floor shifting in the park’s Visitor Emergency Operations Center and caused a temporary loss of power, and ruptured several water lines.

Most of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park has been closed since Friday, May 11, due to ongoing seismic activity, summit deflation, and a possible steam explosion at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano.

Ash and steam cloud from Halemaʻumaʻu this afternoon, driving
in from the Kaʻū Desert to Volcano. Photo by Kerya Ty-Chun

Yesterday, consistent large rock falls into Halema‘uma‘u Crater created the tallest and largest series of ash plumes yet observed since the change in volcanic activity began. This morning, USGS scientists found rocks two feet across in the parking lot a few hundred yards from Halema‘uma‘u.

According to USGS, yesterday’s series of summit events reflect the most energetic explosions yet observed and could reflect the onset of steam-driven explosive activity.

Today, the 8:30 a.m. 4.4 quake was followed by quakes in the 2.1 to 3.7 range. A 2:30 p.m. statement from Hawaiian Volcano Observatory said, "Strong earthquakes within the summit of Kīlauea Volcano continue in response to ongoing deflation and lava column drop. As of the afternoon of May 16, the floor of Kīlauea caldera has dropped approximately 3 feet (90 cm). This movement is stressing faults around the caldera of Kīlauea, causing them to move and resulting in strong earthquakes of up to magnitude 4.4 thus far.

Cracks in Hwy 11 between entrance to Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park

and Volcano Golf Course. Photo by Kerya Ty-Chun

"Employees at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, and nearby residents are reporting frequent ground shaking and damage to roads and buildings. Hawaiʻi County Police reports cracks across Highway 11 between mile markers 28 and 29. Although these are passable, motorists are urged to use caution.
"As deflation continues, strong earthquakes in the area around Kīlauea Volcano's summit are expected to continue and may become more frequent. Areas further from these earthquakes may feel some ground motion as well, but much less severe.
"The shallow depths of these earthquakes make them more damaging in the immediate vicinity of the epicenter, and individuals need to take precautions to minimize damage from the shaking, including the removal of unstable items from walls and shelves. Steep slopes should be avoided as they may become destabilized during strong earthquake."

The red dots clustered around Halemaʻumaʻu are earthquakes that
could be related to future ash, rock, and steam eruptions.
USGS map

Regarding the 4.4 earthquake this morning, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center reported, "the earthquake... was not large enough to cause a tsunami for the Island of Hawaiʻi. There is no tsunami threat for the island of Hawaiʻi."
Steam and ash continue to rise up out of Halemaʻumaʻu. Jessica Ferracane of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park reminds motorists there is no stopping, unless emergency, on Highwy 11 between mile markers 28 and 38.

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BRIG. GENERAL KENNETH HARA received the authority from Secretary of Defense James Mattis today to command both the National Guard and active military forces to plan for and be ready for mass air evacuations should roadways in Puna be lost to lava.

Gov. David Y. Ige made the request and announced today the formation of a Dual-Status Command, Joint Task Force 50, in response to the Kīlauea lava flow. Ige’s formal request to appoint Hara was submitted on Tuesday. The formation of this JTF establishes a clear chain of command to maintain operational unity between state and federal efforts and increase efficiency.

Brig. General Kenneth Hara commands the National Guard and active military

forces for possible volcanic eruption evacuations and related emergencies.

Photo from Big Island Video News

Said the governor, "I thank Secretary Mattis for his quick approval. This joint military task force will provide the necessary state and federal resources to Mayor Kim and his Civil Defense team. Together, we are committed to supporting the residents of Hawaiʻi Island in their time of need."

Hara is the Deputy Adjutant General and Commander of the Hawaiʻi Army National Guard. He will oversee a joint Hawaiʻi National Guard and active duty military joint task force. Based on the current threat the JTF may be required for Search and Rescue, Incident Awareness and Assessment, Debris Clearance, Security, and Emergency Evacuation.

A 22 personnel JTF advance team was deployed to the Keaukaha Military Reservation in Hilo, on Monday, May 14, and began planning for potential missions. Pre-staging the advance team will enable faster response to requests for military support made by Hawaiʻi County.

Hara, as the Dual Status Commander, is a legally authorized military officer who assumes simultaneous but mutually exclusive command authority over both National Guard forces and Title 10 federal military forces. While state and federal military forces maintain separate and distinct chains of command, the Dual Status Commander leads all military forces and directs their response efforts.

For more information about Dual Status Commander authority, click here.

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PREPARING FOR ASHFALL WITH A RAIN WATER CATCHMENT SYSTEM involves disconnecting tanks prior to ash falling, says the International Volcano Health Hazard Network. All drainpipes and downspouts from gutters - attached to a rain water system or otherwise - should also be disconnected to stop drains from clogging, while allowing ash and water to empty from gutters onto the ground. Rain water collection systems (tanks included) that are uncovered, partially covered, or covered by a porous material - such a synthetic mesh - should be covered completely to avoid contamination by ash.

Rain water collection systems (tanks included) that are uncovered, partially covered,
or covered by a porous material - such a synthetic mesh - should be covered completely
to avoid contamination by ash. Photo from Big Island Video News

International Volcano Health Hazard Network produces printable and downloadable pamphlets, available online at ivhhn.org, that advise on preparing for ashfall, the health complications of volcanic ash, what to do after ashfall, and information about volcanic gases and the associated health hazards. The organization recommends, “If there is ash in your water, let it settle and then use the clean water. If there is a lot of ash in the water supply, do not use your dishwasher or washing machine. Water contaminated by ash will usually make drinking water unpalatable before it presents a health risk. You may eat vegetables from the garden, but wash them [with clean water] first.”

Volcanic Ashfall Impacts Working Group, volcanoes.usgs.gov, states that “contamination of water supplies has been reported for several historic eruptions. The most common problems resulting from ashfall are increased levels of suspended ash in water (turbidity), which can cause a range of problems for water treatment, and higher-than-usual demand for water. The organization also recommends “disconnecting the downpipe from the roof to the tank prior to the ashfall.”

“Tank water contaminated by ash is unlikely to be a health hazard as elements released from the ash (particularly iron, manganese, and aluminum) can impart an unpleasant metallic taste to the water making it unpalatable to drink, with this effect outweighing the release of any toxic elements such as fluorine from the ash,” states the Working Group, and adds “it may be necessary to empty, clean and refill the tank,” if the water becomes contaminated by ash.

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SO2 LEVELS, according to the only two monitoring stations in Kaʻū, outside of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, registered mostly good air today. At Pāhala. the SO2 registered as good between midnight and 6 a.m., moderate between 6 a.m. and 10 a.m., and unhealthy for sensitive persons between 10 a.m and 10:30 a.m. The SO2 level was good for the rest of the afternoon with the exception of 45 minutes of moderate air.

Ocean View's SO2 level registered good over the last two days; at 9:30 a.m. this morning it registered as moderate for 30 minutes followed by good air for the rest of the day. See Hawaiʻi Short Term SO2 Advisory.

Combined measurements of particulates, ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide- the Air Quality index - registered in Pāhala as 35 - good at 7 a.m., 54 - moderate at at 9 a.m. Ocean View registered at 19 - good at 7 a.m., 61- moderate at 9 a.m. Both sites were unavailable later in the day. See AirNow.
Also see the University of Hawaiʻi air quality prediction website at http://weather.hawaii.edu/vmap/hysplit/

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

THURSDAY, MAY 17

VA Medical Services, Thu, May 3 & 17, 8:30-noon, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

Hawai‘i Disability Legal Services, Thu, May 17, 9-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. ovcahi.org, 939-7033, ovcahawaii@gmail.com

Story Time with Auntie Linda from Tūtū & Me, Thu, May 17, 10:30-noon, Nā‘ālehu Public Library. 929-8571

Hawaiian Civic Club of Ka‘ū, Thu, May 17, 6:30pm, United MethodistChurch in Nā‘ālehu. Pres. Berkley Yoshida, 747-0197

FRIDAY, MAY 18

Ho‘okani Pila (Play Music) Workshop, Fri, May 18, 10-noon, Kahuku Unit, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Learn how to play simple, fun songs on the ‘ukulele. Free. nps.gov/HAVO

SATURDAY, MAY 19

Ocean View C.E.R.T. Meeting, Sat, May 19, 10-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. Monthly meeting/training. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

Bunco & Potluck, Sat, May 19, 6pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. Popular game played with nine dice, also known as Bonko or Bunko. Bring dish to share. Margie Hack, 541-954-8297

SUNDAY, MAY 20

MONDAY, MAY 21

Ka‘ū Homeschool Co–op Group, Monday, May 21, 1 p.m., Ocean View Community Center. A parent led homeschool activity/social group building community in Ka‘ū. Laura Roberts, 406-249-3351

Discovery Harbour Neighborhood Watch Meeting, Mon, May 21, 5-6:30pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. 929-9576, discoveryharbour.net

TUESDAY, MAY 22

Hawai‘i County Special Council Meeting, First Reading of Operating& CIP Budgets, Tue, May 22, 9-4:30pm, Hilo Council Chambers. Ka‘ū residents can participate via videoconferencing at Nā‘ālehu State Office Building. Agendas at hawaiicounty.gov

HOVE Road Maintenance Monthly Meeting, Tue, May 22, 3 p.m., RMC Office in Ocean View. hoveroad.com, 929-9910

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Auditions for Kīlauea Drama & Entertainments Musical "Oliver," Tue & Wed, May 22 & 23, 6:30pm, Kīlauea Military Camp's Kīlauea Theater. Parts for all ages and ability. 982-7344, kden73@aol.com

WEDNESDAY, MAY 23

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Auditions for Kīlauea Drama & Entertainments Musical "Oliver," Wed, May 23, 6:30pm, Kīlauea Military Camp's Kīlauea Theater. Parts for all ages and ability. 982-7344, kden73@aol.com

NEW & UPCOMING

Park Ranger Jay Robinson stands next to native Hawaiian silverswords for size comparison.
Learn about how this species have been brought back from the brink of extinction on May 29.
Event details at right. Photo from National Park Service

SAVING RARE PLANTS FROM THE BRINK OF EXTINCTION in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park will be presented by Park Botanist Sierra McDaniel on Tuesday, May 29, 7 p.m., at Kīlauea Visitor Center Auditorium.
The native silversword and lobeliads of Hawai‘i are spectacular examples of adaptive radiation, in which single colonizing ancestors have given rise to a stunning diversity of species – some of which are the world’s most critically imperiled plants. Learn how park managers have partnered with public and private organizations to bring these species back from the brink of extinction as McDaniel discusses rare plant management in the park.
Part of Hawai‘i Volcanoes’ ongoing After Dark in the Park series. Free; park entrance fees apply. Donations support park programs. For more, visit nps.gov/HAVO.

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ONGOING
Sign Up for the Nāʻālehu Independence Day Parade, to be held June 30. If interested, call Debra McIntosh at 929-9872.

Volcano Forest Runs Registration Open through Friday, August 17, at 6 p.m. Price for half marathon $85, 10K $45, 5K $30. Registration increases August 1: half marathon to $95, 10K to $55, and 5K to $35. Race is run from Cooper Center on Wright Road in Volcano Village on Saturday, August 18.

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Ash splatter from the explosive eruption at 4:17 a.m. today at summit of Kīlauea Volcano. USGS Photo

AN EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION AT KĪLAUEA VOLCANO SUMMIT THIS MORNING at 4:17 a.m. sent ash 30,000 feet above sea level in a narrow column. A Civil Defense message stated: "The resulting ash plume may affect the surrounding areas. The wind may carry the ash plume north toward Kaʻū, Volcano, Mt. View, Keaʻau and as far as Hilo."
During a press conference this morning, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists said the event was consistent with lava interacting with groundwater creating explosions as the crater floor subsides. The entire Kīlauea crater floor subsided by 3 feet yesterday and pressure built beneath it. Larger explosions are possible. Some could be short lived and others sustained. Scientists referred to the situation as "dynamic" and this morning's explosion as "short lived,""narrow," and "tall but small."
Geologists Jim Kauhaikaua said that in 1924, there were a series of explosions at Kīlauea summit. Scientists expect more explosions in the near future to relieve pressure at the summit. "We're in it for the long haul," said Kauhaikaua.

The Civil Defense statement said that the danger from these summit eruptions is ash fallout. "The major response is to protect yourself from fallout. If this event occurs while you are at home, stay indoors with the windows closed. Turn on your radio and listen for updates from authorities. If you are in your car, keep the windows closed. Ash fallout may cause poor driving conditions, due to limited visibility and slippery driving conditions. Drive with extreme caution, or pull over and park. After the hazard has passed, do check your home, and especially your catchment system for any impact that may affect your water quality."

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory reported the ash plume this morning drifting to the northeast and that continued emissions from the crater reached as high as 12,000 feet.
"At any time, activity may again become more explosive, increasing the intensity of ash production and producing ballistic projectiles near the vent," said the statement for HVO.
Due to elevated sulfur dioxide (S02) levels from the continued gas emissions from fissures in lower Puna, Pahoa High, Intermediate, and Elementary School Complex, Keonepoko Elementary, and Hawaiʻi Academy of Arts and Science are closed today. The state Department of Health reported the installation of many more air quality measuring instruments in Puna.
Due to the unstable conditions and ash events, Volcano School of Arts and Science is also closed. The Volcano community experienced some 125 quakes in the 24 hours leading up to the ash explosion this morning.

A 2-ft. wide projectile found in the ash covered parking lot
by Jaggar Museum yesterday. More explosives and
much larger projectiles are possible, according to Hawaiian
Volcano Observatory. USGS photo

Yesterday, scientists found 2-foot wide rocks thrown out of the crater onto the Jaggar Museum parking lot near the overlook.
With an ash alert, but clean air readings in Kaʻū, Kaʻū High & Elementary, Nāʻālehu School and Kaʻū Learning Academy remain open.
See this morning's interview with HVO team and other officials, recorded by Hawaiʻi News Now.

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THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HAS ISSUED AN ASHFALL ADVISORY in effect until noon today for the entire island and its surrounding waters. The advisory says additional eruptions at Kīlauea Volcano Summit may occur the rest of this morning. "The advisory may need to be extended if volcanic ashfall persists." NWS lists impacts as ash accumulation of less than one quarter inch as possible in the advisory area.
NWS advises mariners to avoid the nearshore waters of Hawaiʻi Island until the ashfall subsides.

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U.S. GEOLOGICAL SERVICES AND NOAA’s National Weather Service announced Wednesday that they are working together to observe, model, and warn the public of hazardous conditions in connection with volcanic activity on Hawaiʻi Island:

An ashfall alert has been issued by the National Weather Service
until noon today. It may be extended of eruptions continue at Kīlauea
Volcano summit. NWS Map

"With ash eruptions occurring from Kilauea’s summit this week, there is a threat of an even larger steam-driven violent explosion. Such an eruption could happen suddenly and send volcanic ash 20,000 feet into the air, threatening communities for miles. USGS and NOAA’s National Weather Service are working together to observe, model and warn the public of hazardous conditions." The joint statement offered the following links, in bold, to related topics:

Observations and Status of Kīlauea:

"While the USGS Hawaiʻi Volcanoes Observatory is positioning staff to observe the volcano and best communicate its status and evolution, they rely heavily on the weather forecasts from

NOAA. Wind forecasts, along with dispersion models such as HYSPLIT, are critical in

understanding where sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5) will disperse from

fissures and vents to ensure safety of USGS observers, emergency managers and the public.

Ashfall Advisories, Warnings & Current Weather Forecast:

On May 15 the National Weather Service issued the first ever ashfall advisory for Hawai`i.

Forecasters will issue ashfall advisories and warnings when ashfall is a hazard. NOAA predicts

where an ash plume will go and how much ash will accumulate using USGS’s Ash3d Volcanic

Ash Dispersion Model .

Volcanic Ash Advisories & AviationWarnings:

Volcanic ash clouds can threaten air traffic by sandblasting windscreens, clogging pitot tubes,

and in severe cases, causing jet engines to shut down. NOAA issues volcanic ash warnings to

alert pilots to potential ash in the atmosphere and will include volcanic ash in forecasts for

airports.

Tips to Stay Safe:

During explosive eruptions, volcanic ash can disrupt downwind populations by causing

breathing problems, impacting water quality, clogging air filters, shorting out power systems and

making transportation difficult. If your community is threatened by ash, you are advised to do the

following:

○ Seal windows and doors.

○ Protect electronics and cover air intakes and open water sources.

○ Avoid driving as visibility will be reduced and roads may become slippery.

○ Remain indoors to avoid inhaling ash particles unless it’s absolutely necessary to

go outside. If you have a respiratory illness, do not go outside.

○ If you must go outside, cover your mouth and nose with a mask or cloth.

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DESPITE THE HAZY SKIES FOLLOWING AN ASH EXPLOSION and continuing ash plume rising at Kīlauea Volcano, air quality was reported as good this morning in Pāhala and Ocean View, the only two places with instrumentation that are reporting outside of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park.
Light rains may have taken ash to the ground. However, an ash fall alert remains until noon.
As of 8 a.m., at Pāhala, SO2 levels registered at 0.01 parts per million. Ocean View registered as moderate, at 0.11 ppm. See Hawaiʻi Short Term SO2 Advisory.

Combined measurements of particulates, ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide - the Air Quality index - registered in Pāhala as 11, good, and Ocean View as 71, moderate, at 7 a.m. See AirNow. Also see the University of Hawaiʻiair quality prediction website at http://weather.hawaii.edu/vmap/hysplit/

See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

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FRIDAY, MAY 18

Ho‘okani Pila (Play Music) Workshop, Fri, May 18, 10-noon, Kahuku Unit, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Learn how to play simple, fun songs on the ‘ukulele. Free. nps.gov/HAVO

SATURDAY, MAY 19

Ocean View C.E.R.T. Meeting, Sat, May 19, 10-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. Monthly meeting/training. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

Bunco & Potluck, Sat, May 19, 6pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. Popular game played with nine dice, also known as Bonko or Bunko. Bring dish to share. Margie Hack, 541-954-8297

SUNDAY, MAY 20

MONDAY, MAY 21

Ka‘ū Homeschool Co–op Group, Monday, May 21, 1 p.m., Ocean View Community Center. A parent led homeschool activity/social group building community in Ka‘ū. Laura Roberts, 406-249-3351

Discovery Harbour Neighborhood Watch Meeting, Mon, May 21, 5-6:30pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. 929-9576, discoveryharbour.net

TUESDAY, MAY 22

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Auditions for Kīlauea Drama & Entertainments Musical "Oliver," Tue & Wed, May 22 & 23, 6:30pm, Kīlauea Military Camp's Kīlauea Theater. Parts for all ages and ability. 982-7344, kden73@aol.com

WEDNESDAY, MAY 23

THURSDAY, MAY 24

VA Medical Services, Thursdays, May 24 & 31, 8:30-noon, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

NEW & UPCOMING

Learn to make poi on May 30.
Event details at right.
Photo from National Park Service

LEARN HOW TO MAKE POI, the staple food of the traditional Hawaiian diet, at a Ku‘i Kalo Demonstration, on Wednesday, May 30, from 10 a.m. to noon, announces Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park.
The root of the kalo plant is cooked and pounded (ku‘i) to create this classic Hawaiian dish. The authentic cultural experience with rangers and staff from Hawai‘i Pacific Parks Association takes place on the Kīlauea Visitor Center lānai.
Part of Hawai‘i Volcanoes’ ‘Ike Hana No‘eau Experience the Skillful Work workshops. Free; however, park entrance fees apply. For more details, visit nps.gov/HAVO.

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Lava crossed Pohoiki Road today cutting off about 40 houses. At least four people have been rescued from their homes by County and National
Guard helicopters this evening. Residents from Isaac Hale Beach Park to Kalapana are advised to prepare for voluntary evacuation should
Highway 137 become threatened. See story below. USGS photo

FLAGS WILL REMAIN AT HALF-STAFF IN HAWAIʻI AS A MARK OF RESPECT FOR VICTIMS OF SHOOTINGS TODAY AT A SANTA FE, TX, SCHOOL. A 17-year old male student took the lives of ten people and injured others, shooting them with a rifle and a pistol in his school.
At the direction of the President of the United States, Gov. David Ige ordered United States flag and the Hawai‘i state flag to be flown at half-staff at the State Capitol and upon all state offices and agencies as well as the Hawai‘i National Guard in the State of Hawai‘i, today, May 18, until sunset on Tuesday, May 22.

“I am once again shocked and saddened by this senseless tragedy. We grieve with the families who have lost loved ones and we pray for those who have suffered injuries,” the governor said.

The U.S. flag and the Hawai‘i state flag are already at half-staff in honor of the late Sen. Daniel Akaka. The President’s proclamation can be found here.

A cluster of quakes this afternoon between 1:45 p.m and 3:45 p.m. around
Kīlauea Crater. USGS map

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NUMEROUS EARTHQUAKES RATTLED VOLCANO VILLAGE TODAY. Between 1:45 p.m. and 3:43 p.m. today, there nine quakes shook in and around Halemaʻumaʻu, where the crater floor has been subsiding and some of the crater wall has given away in rock slides. Similar activity likely led to yesterday's ash explosion and plume rising to 30,000 feet above sea level from the crater. Today, at 3:19 p.m., a 3.1 quake shook at the surface. At 3:36 p.m., a 2.56 quake registered .7 miles underground.
According to the USGS, such quakes are expected as changes take place at Halemaʻumaʻu and Kīlauea Crater, with more ash plumes and explosions expected, much like those that occurred yesterday and in a series of them in 1924.

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This image, captured during an HVO overflight around noon today, shows
a lava flow that crossed Pohoiki Road earlier. USGS photo

ABOUT 40 HOMES HAVE BEEN CUT OFF, AS FAST-MOVING PAHOEHOE LAVA CROSSED POHOIKI ROAD NEAR MALAMA KI PLACE AND LEILANI ESTATES before 5 p.m. today, Hawaiʻi County Civil Defense reported this evening that at least four people have been rescued from their homes by County and Hawai`i National Guard Helicopter. Residents from Isaac Hale Park to Kalapana are asked to prepare to evacuate should Highway 137 be threatened. Here is the Civil Defense message:
"Fast moving lava has crossed Pohoiki Road near Malama Ki Place. Police, Fire, and National Guard are being sent in to stop all entry on both sides of Pohoiki and secure the area. There are approximately 40 homes in the area that are isolated. Officials are gaining access by helicopter to the area to assess how many people are there and if they need assistance. All persons in that area are asked to stay where they are and wait for further instructions. All persons are asked to stay clear of this emergency situation."

Earlier Civil Defense messages today confirmed fissure 22, and the destruction of at least 40 structures. Several fissures are producing lava spatter and flow in the Leilani and Lanipuna area, along with increasing SO2. An emergency water restriction is in effect for those on the county water system between Kapoho and Pohoiki.

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HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY'S VOLCANO WATCH this week focuses on accuracy when reporting on the current seismic activity and eruptions of Kīlauea Volcano. The column points in particular to rumors that spread on social media, predicting that Kīlauea's flank could collapse and create a huge tsunami.

Fissure 17 as seen from the air on Monday, May 17, around 7:00 a.m. HST, when the overall vigor
of fissure appeared to have dropped from the previous two days. Twenty fissures had erupted in
the lower Puna District on the Island of Hawaiʻi as of the morning of May 17, and additional fissures
could still open as this eruption on Kīlauea Volcano's East Rift Zone continues. USGS photo

The HVO column is entitled Turn to the USGS and other Trusted Sources for Kīlauea Eruption Info: "False rumors about the ongoing volcanic activity at the summit and lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea Volcano are causing unnecessary anxiety and confusion. We encourage everyone to check the source of any information you read or hear to be sure that it's factual, accurate, and timely.
"Particularly disturbing are individuals who take a kernel of truth (for example, data from vetted scientific papers), twist it into a lump of misinformation, and then present a skewed view of that data as fact. Please beware of spurious reports, and don't believe everything you read on social media - unless it's posted by a known and trusted source.
"So, where can you get the straight facts about what's currently happening on Kīlauea? Here are some reliable sources of information:
"The USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) website, where you can find daily eruption updates, photos, videos, webcams, and maps. In addition to the daily updates, we have also been posting Status Reports, Information Statements, and Volcano Activity Notices as warranted.
"If you prefer to receive HVO's updates and other notices automatically via email, check out the USGS Volcano Notification Service. You can sign up for this free service at http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vns/.

View of the fissure system in Leilani Estates looking southwest (uprift). Fissure 17 is the lava fountain at

bottom of photo, estimated to be about 50 m (164 ft) high with occasional bursts to about 100 m high (328 ft).

Fissure 18 is the low fountain left of center feeding a lava flow that spreads out of view on left (south).

Fissure 20 is in middle of photo, also feeding a lava flow. Note activity further uprift of fissure

20 (field reports suggest that this is fissure 15). USGS photo

"If you don't have access to the website, you can call 808-967-8862 to hear a recorded summary update for Kīlauea.
"Back to HVO's website, there's a new tab labeled '2018 Activity' in the menu at the top of the homepage. Click that tab to open a list of numerous resources related to the current summit and East Rift Zone volcanic activity.
"Also, take a look at the 'HVO News' section in the lower left corner of HVO's homepage. There, you will find information that dispels some of the more egregious rumors. For example, check out the news item that provides facts about the stability of Kīlauea's south flank and addresses the possibility of a flank collapse and tsunami (you will feel more at ease after reading it). There's also a report about explosion hazards at the summit of Kīlauea, as well as a timeline of Kīlauea events since late April 2018.
"Other U.S. Geological Survey websites are also great resources. The USGS Volcanic Ash Impacts and Mitigation website - https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanic_ash/ - provides a wealth of information about what to do and how to protect yourself, buildings, plants, and animals if you are in the path of falling ash.
"As you can imagine, interest in HVO's website has skyrocketed. With nearly continuous seismic activity at Kīlauea's summit and lower East Rift Zone, HVO's earthquake page has been overwhelmed at times. If/when that happens, you can still get Hawai'i earthquake information through the USGS National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/. Scroll across the NEIC map until you see Hawai'i, then zoom in. Change the settings to your preference, and you'll be able to track earthquake activity across the island.

See and hear the Fissure 17 eruption from USGS captured
before dawn this morning. USGS video

"If you prefer to get information via social media, check out the USGS Volcanoes Facebook page - https://www.facebook.com/ USGSVolcanoes - and USGS Volcanoes Twitter. USGS scientists are keeping readers up to date on Kīlauea, as well as other U.S. volcanoes. Hawaii Interagency Vog Information Dashboard, which provides comprehensive information about vog (volcanic air pollution). Note that two new links have been added to this website to address ash hazards from the Kīlauea summit explosions and the ongoing eruption on Kīlauea's lower East Rift Zone.
"Residents and visitors can receive timely notifications about emergency situations in the County of Hawai'i, including the current volcanic activity, through the Civil Defense Emergency Notification System. You can sign up for these notices at https://countyofhawaii.bbcportal.com.

See the telephoto video of spattering at Fissure 17, in Kīlauea Volcano's lower East
Rift Zone, taken around 1 a.m. this morning. USGS video

"As volcanic activity at Kīlauea's summit and East Rift Zone continues, we encourage you to stay informed through trusted sources and to help your friends and family get the straight facts. Also, please be safe out there - heed all warnings and stay out of closed areas.
Volcano Activity Updates: On Kīlauea Volcano's East Rift Zone, low-level eruption of lava continues from multiple points along the active fissure system. Residents in the lower Puna District of Hawaiʻi Island should remain informed and heed Hawaiʻi County Civil Defense closures, warnings, and messages; see http://www.hawaiicounty.gov
/active-alerts.
At Kῑlauea's summit, an explosion, or series of explosions, from the Overlook vent within Halemaʻumaʻu crater on May 17, produced a volcanic cloud that reached as high as 30,000 feet above sea level. The cloud drifted generally northeast and traces of ash fell in areas around Kῑlauea's summit. Summit activity could again become more explosive, increasing the intensity of ash production and producing ballistic projectiles close to the vent. Communities downwind should be prepared for ashfall as long as this activity continues.
Mauna Loa is not erupting. Rates of deformation and seismicity have not changed significantly over the past week. The number of monthly and weekly earthquakes recorded beneath the volcano has decreased to near background levels.

SATELLITE RADAR IMAGES SHOW CALDERA CHANGES IN KĪLAUEA VOLCANO: These radar amplitude images were acquired by the Italian Space Agency's Cosmo-SkyMed satellite system and show changes to the caldera area of Kīlauea Volcano that occurred between May 5 at 6:12 a.m. HST (left) and May 17 at 6:12 a.m. HST (right). The satellite transmits a radar signal at the surface and measures the strength of the reflection, with bright areas indicating a strong reflection and dark areas a weak reflection. Strong reflections indicate rough surfaces or slopes that point back at the radar, while weak reflections come from smooth surfaces or slopes angled away from the radar. The May 17 image was acquired after two small explosions from the summit eruptive vent. Major changes with respect to the May 5 image include: (1) a darkening of the terrain south of Halema‘uma‘u, which may reflect accumulation of ash over the 12-day period between the images; (2) enlargement of the summit eruptive vent on the floor of Halema‘uma‘u, from about 12 acres on May 5 to about 34 acres on May 17; and (3) the development of a small depression (area of about 15 acres) on the east rim of Halema‘uma‘u that reflects slumping of a portion of the rim towards the growing collapse pit on the crater floor. Images Courtesy of USGS

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REACHING OUT TO FARMERS AND RANCHERS in the face of current ash and seismic threats in Kaʻū is Andrea Kawabata, extension agent with the University of Hawaiʻi agriculture college.
Kawabata, who works with many Kaʻū Coffee farmers, released a statement yesterday, saying, "As many of you have heard and seen on the news, the Big Island is experiencing elevated volcanic activity and emissions that could create health hazards and challenges for farmers and their crops. The following link provides some information on Volcanic Emissions Injury to Plant Foliage (2008): https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/pd-47.pdf.

Andrea Kawabata reaches out to farms and ranchers affected by the
current conditions related to volcanic activity. Photo by Julia Neal

"Below are additional resources gathered by CTAHR faculty, staff and administrators. Please visit, contact and inquire with these resources as needed. As a reminder, fruits and vegetables grown in vog or ashfall conditions are safe to eat and sell, but please remember to wash them well before eating to remove dirt and ash.
"Should you have crop insurance, contact your agent with questions regarding losses, damages, and any records that are required to file a claim.
"Lava, heavy vog, and ashfall can damage crops, machinery, and equipment. Farmers and ranchers impacted by the volcanic activity are advised to report damages to the USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) in Hilo. Please call 808-933-8381 ext. 2.
"USDA FSA provides emergency loans to help producers recover from production and physical losses due to drought, flooding, other natural disasters and can also assist producers in determining eligibility for loans and other FSA disaster assistance programs.
Kawabata recommends that farmers and ranchers stay current with:
Hawaii County – Civil Defense – Messages and Alerts; USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory - Current Eruption Information; VMAP – Vog Measurement and Prediction Project - Air Quality ForecastsPrepare and Protect; USGS – Volcanic Ash Impacts & Mitigation; CTAHR - Volcanic Emissions ; FEMA – Preparing for a Volcanic Eruption; American Red Cross – Volcano Preparedness
CDC – Protecting Yourself During a Volcanic Eruption; IVHHN - The International Volcanic Health Hazard Network; Vog Information Dashboard, and Recommended Dust Masks for Protection from Volcanic Ash and Disasterassistance.gov - Information.

Writes Kawabata: "Above all, please be safe!"

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ASH MASKS WILL BE DISTRIBUTED AT OCEAN VIEW COMMUNITY CENTER AND COOPER CENTER IN VOLCANO TODAY, Friday from 1 p.m. to 7 p.m. One M95 ash mask per person will be provided, donated by the 3M company, said Ocean View Community Association President Ron Gall. The masks do not filter out S02 and other gasses but do filter out ash. Ashfall is expected as Halemaʻumaʻu steam explosions relieve pressure at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano.

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KAʻŪ DISTRICT GYM & DISASTER SHELTER will be available if needed by Hawaiʻi County Civil Defense. The $20 million facility has a safe clean air room for 225 people and the gymnasium with huge air space for more than 1,000 has been prepared. All windows have been closed for days to collect clean air. The air cleaning equipment for the activity room has been serviced.

The county Department of Parks & Recreation and Red Cross will operate it as a shelter if needed during heavy ashfall or other disaster.

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THE NATIONAL VOLCANO EARLY WARNING AND MONITORING SYSTEM passed the U.S. Senate this week. Sen. Mazie Hirono, Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska), and Sen. Maria Cantwell (D-Wash.) secured the passage of S. 346. This legislation seeks to improve the nation’s volcano monitoring and early warning capabilities to help keep communities and travelers safe.

Said Hirono, “Scientists at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory are working around the clock to provide critical, up-to-date information to keep Hawaii Island residents safe. This bipartisan bill supports their important efforts by updating and unifying the five volcano observatories across the nation and creating a grant program to support monitoring research and technology development.”

HVO geologist next to cracks on Nohea Street in Leilani Estates
Wednesday morning. These cracks expanded significantly between Tuesday
and Wednesday. Note the vertical offset across the cracks. USGS photo

Said the Alaska Senator: “Volcanic eruptions, like the one in Hawaiʻi and the one earlier this month at Cleveland Volcano in Alaska, are vivid reminders of why it is so critical to have continuous and reliable monitoring systems. I hope the House of Representatives will move quickly to approve this timely legislation so that we can ensure the U.S. Geological Survey has the resources it needs to strengthen our monitoring, warning, and response capabilities.”
Said the Washington Senator: “This bill connects needed volcano monitoring systems in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Washingtonians remember the impact the Mt. St. Helen's eruption had on our communities 38 years ago. Our state has five of the highest threat volcanoes in the nation, and as we’re seeing in Hawaiʻi right now, these volcanoes are a persistent and serious threat. The safety of our communities is paramount, and our legislation will ensure we have the science, technology, and monitoring needed to keep people informed and safe.”
S. 346 strengthens existing volcano monitoring systems, which include the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Alaska Volcano Observatory, and the Cascades Volcano Observatory, and would unify them into a single connected system called the National Volcano Early Warning System. These observatories monitor, warn, and help protect citizens and travelers from volcanic activity, particularly from high-threat volcanoes. The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory located on Hawaiʻi Island was the first volcano observatory in the United States and has been monitoring volcanoes, including the two most active, Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, for more than a century.

The bill also creates a Volcano Watch Office that will operate 24-hours a day, seven days a week, to provide continuous situational awareness of all active volcanoes in the U.S. and its territories, such as the ongoing eruption of the Kīlauea Volcano in Hawaiʻi.

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HAWAIʻI ELECTRIC LIGHT CO. HAS LAUNCHED A WEB PAGE REGARDING THE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS. It provides the the latest information for customers affected by the eruption, and for those who may have questions about billing and service during the emergency, states a release from the utility.

Downed power lines over a fresh lava flow. Hawai‘i Electric Light offers waived deposit
and service establishment fees for those displaced by the eruption. USGS photo

The page includes a new FAQ with information about billing and electric service for those who have evacuated from their homes and for those who may be considering it. Hawai‘i Electric Light has suspended billing for those customers whose homes were destroyed or who live in the mandatory evacuation zone.

The company has also waived deposit and service establishment fees for customers who decide to leave their homes and relocate. Customers can also call (808) 969-6999 for information about their account.

About 400 customers in the mandatory evacuation area are without power. Hawai‘i Electric Light continued its designation of a portion of Leilani Estates and all of Lanipuna Gardens as a no-entry zone for its crews after a crew working in the area yesterday had to evacuate after a monitor warned of unsafe levels of sulfur dioxide gas.

Poles and wires continue to fall due to changes in the ground formation and seismic activity. Hawai‘i Electric Light continues to warn residents to assume that all downed lines and equipment are
energized and dangerous. Stay at least three cars lengths away from downed lines and use caution around all poles and overhead lines.
The new information page is at https://www.hawaiielectriclight.com/lava. You can also check Hawai‘i Electric Light’s Twitter (@HIElectricLight) and Facebook (HawaiianElectric) accounts for updates.

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KAʻŪ AIR QUALITY was reported as good at 3 p.m. in Pāhala and Ocean View, the only two places with instrumentation that are reporting outside of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park.

As of 3 p.m., at both Pāhala and Ocean View, SO2 levels registered at 0.02 parts per million. Ocean View registered as good all day. Pāhala registered as good all day, but had several missing hours of reporting. See Hawaiʻi Short Term SO2 Advisory.

Combined measurements of particulates, ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide - the Air Quality index - registered in Pāhala as not available at 2 p.m., and Ocean View registered as 48, good, at 2 p.m. See AirNow. Also see the University of Hawaiʻi air quality prediction website at http://weather.hawaii.edu/vmap/hysplit/

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Kaʻū High Seniors, the Class of 2018, will hold commencement exercises in Kaʻū District Gym next Friday. See below for details.
Photo from Kaʻū High & Pāhala Elementary School

KAʻŪ HIGH SCHOOL CLASS OF 2018 will mark its graduation with commencement exercises on Friday, May 25, at 5 p.m. The ceremony will be held in Kaʻū District Gym. Admission is by ticket only.

“As we come to the end of our high school years, we must pause and look back over the path we have taken in order to know where to go next.” The class color is gold, class flower is lotus, and class song is Daylight by Maroon 5.

See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

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SATURDAY, MAY 19

Ocean View C.E.R.T. Meeting, Sat, May 19, 10-1pm, Ocean View Community Center. Monthly meeting/training. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Hula Kahiko w/Wahineaukai Mercado w/Ke Ana La‘ahana Public Charter School, Sat, May 19, 10:30-11:30am, kahua hula (hula platform) at Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Hula performance. Free; park entrance fees apply. Volcano Art Center, volcanoartcenter.org

Bunco & Potluck, Sat, May 19, 6pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. Popular game played with nine dice, also known as Bonko or Bunko. Bring dish to share. Margie Hack, 541-954-8297

SUNDAY, MAY 20

MONDAY, MAY 21

Ka‘ū Homeschool Co–op Group, Monday, May 21, 1 p.m., Ocean View Community Center. A parent led homeschool activity/social group building community in Ka‘ū. Laura Roberts, 406-249-3351

Discovery Harbour Neighborhood Watch Meeting, Mon, May 21, 5-6:30pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. 929-9576, discoveryharbour.net

TUESDAY, MAY 22

WEDNESDAY, MAY 23

Craft Night at Mokupāpapa Discovery Center, Wed., May 23, 3:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. Sessions every half hour until 6 p.m. at the Mokupāpapa Discovery Center. This month will be glazing a custom clay ornament of a tiger shark. Sharks worldwide are threatened, and Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument provides one of the last sanctuaries for these majestic animals. Coral reefs depend upon a healthy shark population. Sign up early due to a limited supply of ornaments. Cost is $12 per ornament. Pre-register and prepay at Kīlauea Pottery, phone 731-6614 or visit them at 46 Waianuenue Ave. Contact Clayton.Watkins@noaa.gov or call (808) 933-8184.

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Auditions for Kīlauea Drama & Entertainments Musical "Oliver," Wed, May 23, 6:30pm, Kīlauea Military Camp's Kīlauea Theater. Parts for all ages and ability. 982-7344, kden73@aol.com

THURSDAY, MAY 24

VA Medical Services, Thursdays, May 24 & 31, 8:30-noon, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

Ka‘ū Community Children's Council, Thu, May 24, 12:30-1:30 p.m., Punalu‘u Bake Shop. Monthly meeting provides local forum for all community members to come together as equal partners to discuss and positively affect multiple systems' issues for the benefit of all students, families, and communities. Chad Domingo, domingoc1975@yahoo.com, ccco.k12.hi.us

FRIDAY, MAY 25

Coffee Talk, Fri, May 25, 9:30-11am, Kahuku Park, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Join park rangers in informal conversation on a variety of topics. Ka‘ū coffee, tea, and pastries available for purchase. Free. nps.gov/HAVO

Memorial Day Lei - Arts & Crafts, Fri, May 25, 2-3pm, Kahuku Park, H.O.V.E. For all ages. Register May 21-25. Free. Teresa Anderson, 929-9113, hawaiicounty.gov/pr-recreation

NEW & UPCOMING

Repose by Randall Shiroma.
Photo from volcanoartcenter.org

A SCULPTURES PRESENTATION WITH RANDALL SHIROMA is offered on Thursday, May 31, from 7 p.m. to 8 p.m., announces Volcano Art Center. The Thursday Night at the Center program features Shiroma’s outdoor public works within the state.
The once-a-month Thursday night series at the Volcano Art Center, focuses on art, Hawaiian culture and the environment. The series is intended to inspire and enhance appreciation of art and life experience, while fostering community connections.
The event is free, although a $5 donation to Volcano Art Center is suggested. For more information, call 967-8222 or visit volcanoartcenter.org.

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ONGOING
Park Rangers invite the public to downtown Hilo to learn about the volcanic activity, to get their NPS Passport Book stamped, and to experience the Hawaiian cultural connection to volcanoes. Rangers are providing programs at the Mokupāpapa Discovery Center at 76 Kamehameha Avenue, Tuesday through Saturdays, from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Admission is free.

Hawai‘i Island Quilting Artists are called to register by Saturday, May 26, for Volcano Art Center's 2nd Bi-Annual Quilt Show: Quilts in the Forest - Where the Path May Lead. Entry forms available online at volcanoartcenter.org/gallery/call-to-artists. Exhibition open Friday, July 13, to Friday, August 3, at Volcano Art Center's Niaulani campus, 19-4074 Old Volcano Road, Volcano Village. Contact Fia Mattice at 967-8222 or quiltshow2018@volcanoartcenter.org.

Volcano Forest Runs Registration Open through Friday, August 17, at 6 p.m. Half marathon $85, 10K $45, 5K $30. Registration increases August 1: half marathon to $95, 10K to $55, and 5K to $35. Race is run from Cooper Center on Wright Road in Volcano Village on Saturday, August 18.

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Fast activity in the lower East Rift Zone sent lava into the ocean in lower Puna Saturday night. During an overflight early Saturday, HVO scientists observed a very active fissure 20. Channelized lava flows originating from a line of low fountains are moving to the east-southeast. See story below.
Photo from USGS

A 4.9 EARTHQUAKE ROCKED VOLCANO AT 3:58 P.M. today and an ash explosion sent a new plume into the atmosphere, headed toward Kaʻū. Civil Defense warned residents of Pāhala and Nāʻālehu to take precautions, including staying indoors and wearing ash masks.

Many earthquakes, including a 4.9 at Volcano today, show the instability
of Kīlauea Volcano and the many changes taking place underground.
USGS map

An explosion last night before midnight also sent ashfall into Kapapala Ranch, Wood Valley, Pāhala, and deeper into Kaʻū. The ash covered vehicles, roofs, decks, sidewalks, streets, solar systems, and coffee and macadamia farms.
Wendy Stovall of USGS explained during a press conference at 11 a.m. that the early morning ash plume rose some 10,000 feet above sea level. Several smaller explosive events threw up ash from Halemaʻumaʻu later in the morning and the winds pushed more ash toward Pāhala and Nāʻālehu.
Residents reported that gusty winds continuously picked up ash from the Kaʻū Desert and blew it into Kaʻū towns. The persistent winds also blew ash off trees and roofs, making dust devils in the streets.

Explosion this afternoon at Halemaʻumaʻu.
Photo by Brenda Iokepa-Moses

John Gravender of NOAA stated the tradewinds will carry ashfall southwest for the next few days, and that expected rainfall may obscure observations.

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LAVA ENTERED THE OCEAN IN LOWER PUNA around 11 p.m. Saturday night. Residents on Kamali`i Road were evacuated from their homes when lava ignited a brush fire. The evacuations came as fast moving pahoehoe lava flow split into two lobes as it headed through the Malama Ki Forest Reserve toward MacKenzie State Park.
The lava first crossed Highway 137, south of the 13 mile marker and entered the ocean.
All persons are asked to avoid the area. Stay alert to messages issued by Civil Defense. The Fire Department and HVO are monitoring the flows by helicopter.

Civil Defense reported that Highway 130 is open for residents only. Closure may occur at any time with no notice. Should the lava cross, Highway 137 will be closed to through traffic. Road blocks will be established on both sides of the roadway should the flow cross the highway.

“Should the lava enter the ocean be aware of the laze hazard and stay away from any ocean plume. Laze is when hot lava hits the ocean sending hydrochloric acid and steam with fine glass particles into the air. Health hazards of laze include lung, eye, and skin irritation. Be aware that the laze plume travels with the wind and can change direction without warning."

Helicopter overflight of the southeast coast of the Puna district during the early morning hours today. Flows are moving downslope toward the ocean.
Photo courtesy of the Hawaiʻi County Fire Department

At the Lower East Rift Zone, fountaining at fissure 17 last night was a sustained height of 80 meters, with occasional bursts up to 150 meters. Fissure 17 changed from a line of spatter to the creation of a cinder cone. Fissures 16 and 20 joined in a levied channel, producing a rampart with a voluminous line of fountaining and spattering.

A message from Hawaiian Volcano Observatory this afternoon states:

“Beginning yesterday and into today, the rate of lava eruption has increased. Fissure 17 is weakly active now, and Fissures 16 and 20 have merged into a continuous line of spatter and fountaining. Flows from the consolidated Fissure 20 crossed upper Pohoiki road late yesterday afternoon and continued flowing southward.

“This afternoon two flows from the merged fissure complex have joined less than a mile from the coast and continue to flow southward between Pohoiki and Opihikao Rds. The lava flow from Fissure 18 is stalled. It is unknown whether the flows will continue to advance, or stop, and new lava flows are likely given the rate of activity seen at the rift zone. Volcanic gas emissions remain very high.

Lava fountains from Fissure 20 in Kīlauea Volcano's lower East Rift
Zone this morning. USGS photo

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THE FIRST REPORTED INJURY RELATED TO THE VOLCANIC ERUPTION occurred Saturday when a resident of Noni Farms Road in lower Puna suffered from spattering lava shattering and burning his foot and leg below his shin. The man, watching the lava show from the deck of his home, received the incoming lava onto his leg without warning. He was taken to the hospital with serious injuries. Public officials warn that watching lava and its unpredictable spattering, fountaining, and throwing up rocks is extremely dangerous.

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AN EMERGENCY ROUTE UP CHAIN OF CRATERS ROAD is a plan announced today by Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. The park is working with the state Department of Transportation on an alternative emergency route out of lower Puna. It would go from Kalapana Road up Chain of Craters Road to the summit of Kīlauea and out to Highway 11.
Park spokesperson Jessica Ferracane said during a press conference today that in order to open the road, which which was covered with lava in 2016 and 2017, solidified lava would have to be removed along a .7 mile stretch. The repairs could take weeks, but would provide another way out of Lower Puna should Highways 130 and 137 be covered with lava and become impassable.

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Ash covers a car in Pāhala.

Ash on leaves in a yard in Pāhala

Photo by Julia Neal

KĪLAUEA IS AN EXPLOSIVE VOLCANO and not the gentle volcano that most people have lived on, said Hawaiian Volcano Observatory geologist Don Swanson, during a press conference today.
"Recent research shows that over the last 2,500 years, Kīlauea has been on a dominantly explosive period more than half the time.” He explained that Volcano Golf Course Clubhouse, where the press conference was held, “is on more than a foot of volcanic ash that was deposited between 2200 years ago and a thousand years ago. On top of that foot, there are several inches of ash that were erupted between about 1500 and 1800 AD. Those were large eruptions, and the series of eruptions lasted a long time. But they demonstrate the explosive character of Kīlauea.

“More recently, in May of 1924, we had a series of much smaller eruptions – so small that you can’t find their deposits here, or anywhere outside of the caldera. They killed a person because the person got too close.

“The current eruption, we think, is directly analogous to what happened in 1924: small eruptions preceded by a lava lake withdrawal out of sight by many felt earthquakes in the summit area. And then, by interaction of hot rocks with probably the groundwater, and perhaps with magmatic gas.

Channelized lava flows originate from a merged elongated fountaining source
between fissures 16 and 20 in Kīlauea Volcano's lower East Rift Zone. USGS photo

“I really wanted to put this activity in perspective: this didn’t come out of the blue. We’ve had a lot of explosions at Kīlauea in the past. The reason we hadn’t realized that until recently is that, for the almost 200 years that Westerners have been in Hawaiʻi and have kept written records, there were only the 1924 explosions that took place, so we thought that Kīlauea was normally a docile that erupted lava flows that can do tremendous damage, but were not explosive.

“We now know that is not that case, and that, unfortunately, we’re living through a proof of that statement.

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THE KAHUKU UNIT OF HAWAIʻI VOLCANOES PARK will extend its hours to Wednesday through Sunday, 9 a.m. to 3 p.m., "at least until Kīlauea re-opens," says a notice from park staff. Kahuku is the only unit of the park that remains open and covers about one-third of the park's area.
The entrance is located between Ocean View and South Point Road on Highway 11.

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AIR QUALITY in Pahala and Ocean view recorded S02 levels unhealthy for sensitive groups several times today. See Hawaiʻi Short Term SO2 Advisory. In addition, ashfall made the particulate readings high, and unhealthy as well. Also see the University of Hawaiʻi air quality prediction website at http://weather.hawaii.edu/vmap/hysplit/

GET EMERGENCY ALERTS VIA TEXT from Hawaiʻi Police Department. Emergency alert texts amid Kīlauea Eruption can be registered for by texting LAVA to 888777, announced Hawaiʻi Police yesterday. Police are encouraging residents and visitors to subscribe to the department’s Kilaueavolcano alerts. HPD will send text alerts regarding evacuation updates, traffic advisories, and other eruption-related emergency information.

“As more cracks open in the ground on Hawaiʻi’s BigIsland, launching lava and sulfur dioxide into the air, the real-time alerts are designed to keep locals and tourists safe and informed during this crisis. Authorities are urging residents to be prepared for air quality changes due to the possibility of more ashfall and higher concentrations of toxic gas,” stated the release.

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Rep. Richard Creagan, who opposes the location and

cost of the proposed wastewater treatment plant.

REP. RICHARD CREAGAN OPPOSES THE PROPOSED OF THE PROPOSED NĀʻĀLEHU SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT. He wrote a letter to Hawaiʻi County Council, ahead of its special meeting this Tuesday, May 22, at 9 a.m.
The treatment plant is proposed to replace the large capacity cesspools serving the old sugar plantation housing area in Nāʻālehu. The cesspools are illegal nationally and the EPA could levy heavy fines on the County of Hawaiʻi, which has taken over the old plantation system.
At preliminary public information meetings held in April to solicit community input for the project, opinions on the location were against placing it next to Nāʻālehu School.
Creagan wrote: "I am writing in opposition to the proposed sewage treatment plant in Nāʻālehu which would be located essentially immediately adjacent and up wind from a non-airconditioned public elementary school.
"My grounds for protest are primarily the totally insensitive, dangerous, and unnecessary choice of a location unanimously opposed by the affected community. Other grounds for my objection are lack of consideration or provision for public comment, the lack of an alternative, the ridiculous cost compared to potential other options, and the failure to comply with established procedures.
"I beg you to reconsider this hostile and unconsidered project that will make the public-school environment potentially unpleasant and hazardous and cause great stress to the school staff, the students and to their very unhappy families.
"As a physician as well as a state legislator, I strongly oppose this location."
During the public meetings county representatives said they would take the request to move the location back to the county. They also described the proposed treatment system as much better for the environment than septic tanks. Individual septic tanks would be difficult to fit in the small lots in the old sugar housing area in Nāʻālehu and would have to be pumped and the solids carried away.
County consultants explained that individual wastewater systems are intended for temporary use, until a centralized wastewater treatment plant is provided by the County.

Map of proposed location for wastewater treatment plant, to the east of Nāʻālehu Elementary School.

The state Department of Health supports the plans to sewer the area with a natural process lagoon style treatment system, using oxygen, soil, plants and trees to break down and absorb the wastewater. It would require less maintenance, and would have the potential for expansion and future use by both existing and new businesses and homes in Nāʻālehu, as well as meet EPA and state and county requirements, explained consultants for the county during meetings last month.
Sandy Demourelle, of Na`alehu, wrote to The Kaʻū Calendar: "It is a great opportunity for the school and its parents, friends and other concerned people to offer oral testimony right here in Nāʻālehu," in the old state courtroom where there is interactive video with the County Council. "Even if people don't want to speak, just their presence in the room will impress the (Council) - and the older students could make signs expressing their feelings."
The Council will consider Capital Improvement Project funding at the special meeting on Tuesday. Remote public attendance is available at the old courtroom in the Nāʻālehu State Office Building, 95-5669 Māmalahoa Hwy, from 9 a.m. until public testimony is closed. Written and video testimony are due before noon on Monday, May 21, to counciltestimony@hawaiicounty.gov.

See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

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SUNDAY, MAY 20

MONDAY, MAY 21

Ka‘ū Homeschool Co–op Group, Monday, May 21, 1 p.m., Ocean View Community Center. A parent led homeschool activity/social group building community in Ka‘ū. Laura Roberts, 406-249-3351

Discovery Harbour Neighborhood Watch Meeting, Mon, May 21, 5-6:30pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. 929-9576, discoveryharbour.net

TUESDAY, MAY 22

WEDNESDAY, MAY 23

THURSDAY, MAY 24

FRIDAY, MAY 25

Memorial Day Lei - Arts & Crafts, Fri, May 25, 2-3pm, Kahuku Park, H.O.V.E. For all ages. Register May 21-25. Free. Teresa Anderson, 929-9113, hawaiicounty.gov/pr-recreation

SATURDAY, MAY 26

HIDEM's Hawai‘i State Convention, Sat & Sun, May 26 & 27, Hilton Waikoloa. hawaiidemocrats.org

Nature & Culture: An Unseverable Relationship, Sat, May 26, 9:30-11:30am, Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Moderate guided hike along the Palm Trail, approx. 2 miles. Learn about native plants that play a vital role in Hawaiian culture, and observe the catastrophic change and restoration of the land as it transitions from the 1868 lava flow to deeper soils with more diversity and older flora. Free. nps.gov/HAVO

Flameworking - An Introductory Class, Sat & Sun, May 26 & 27, 2-5pm, Volcano Art Center. Glasswork using torch or lamp to melt glass. $155/VAC Member, $160/non-Member, plus $40 supply fee/person. Advanced registration required; limited to 4 adults. volcanoartcenter.org, 967-8222

NEW & UPCOMING

WAIKAPUNA: A WAHI PANA (TREASURED PLACE) OF K‘AŪ is the focus of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park Kahuku Unit’s Coffee Talk this coming Friday, May 25. The event invites the public to join rangers and neighbors in an informal conversation from 9:30 a.m. to 11 a.m. at the Kahuku Unit Visitor Center.

The event poster quotes ‘Ōlelo No‘eau by Mary Kawena Pukui, “He pūnāwai kahe wale ke aloha,” which means “Love is a spring that flows freely.”
Waikapuna, which translates to “Water of the Spring”, was an ancient fishing village and an important historic and cultural resource of Ka‘ū. Located makai of Nā‘ālehu, it has one of the largest native coastal dune systems, a large sandy bay, tidepools, onshore and below sea level springs, and sea caves which are homes to colonies of nesting seabirds. It houses significant sections of the original Ala Kahakai and numerous archeological sites. Keoni Keanu Fox is a lineal descendant of Waikapuna and a representative of the Ala Kahakai Trail Association. “He will talk about the cultural, historical and environmental treasures of this special place,” states the event description.

Ka‘ū coffee, tea and pastries will be available for purchase. Kahuku Unit entrance is located south of the 70.5 mile marker on the mauka side of Hwy 11. For more, visit nps.gov/HAVO.

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Before lava crossed Highway 137 and entered the ocean at two places near MacKinzie park last night, lava crossed Pohoiki Road
(above) in lower Puna. It threatened about 40 houses. At least four people were rescued from their homes by County and
National Guard helicopters. Four houses were destroyed. USGS photo

LAVA REACHED THE SHORELINE IN TWO PLACES NEAR MACKENZIE PARK in lower Puna last night after two lobes crossed and shut down Highway 137. The fast moving pahoehoe lava continues to pour into the ocean today. However, a crack opened in the ground under the eastern lobe of lava from Fissure 20 robbing some of the lava from going into the ocean and making it uncertain as to whether there will soon be a third entry point into the Pacific.

Despite many professional photographers
and news crews attempting to capture closeup
images of the flow into the ocean, Civil Defense
warns such photography is dangerous. See
yesterday's Kaʻū News Brief for the first
reported injury from lava during the eruption.
Photo from Ikaika Marzo Facebook

A crack that opened in the ground is robbing the east channel of

Fissure 20 of lava going into the ocean. Prior to opening, lava was

flowing vigorously into the Pacific. USGS photo

With the ocean entries, County Civil Defense warns of laze, created from lava mixing with ocean water, becoming hydrochloric acid and acid rain with glass particles. Health hazards of laze include lung damage, and eye and skin irritation. Laze plumes can switch directions quickly with changes in the wind and contribute to the overall toxicity of vog, Civil Defense says.

Part of the lava from the eastern channel of the Fissure 20 complex

is flowing into a crack in the ground that opened this morning,

making it uncertain as to whether there will be a third ocean entry.

USGS photo

Highway 137 is closed between Kamaili Road and Pohoiki Road. Kamaili Road is closed to all through traffic, and all are asked to stay out of the area by Civil Defense.
The Coast Guard declared a no-go area in the ocean near the lava flows and released a statement. Lt. Commander John Bannard of Coast Guard waterways management, said, “For mariners without prior limited entry approval, the safety zone encompasses all waters extending 300 meters (984 feet) in all directions around the entry of the lava flow into the ocean. All waterway users should be aware of the hazardous conditions associated with such an event. Getting too close to the lava can result in serious injury or death.”
The county Department of Water Supply retains a water restriction from Kapoho through Pohoiki. The lava flow across Pohoiki Road cut off county water to residents.

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Hawaiian Volcanoes Observatory published this map today, showing two lava ocean entries near MacKinzie State Park.
See the USGS lava maps.

SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS TRIPLED at Hawaiian Volcano Observatory's air quality measuring stations in lower Puna today, particularly at Kamaliʻi, Sea View, and Malama Ki. Civil Defense issued the report and warns people in the area to stay protected or leave.

Bad air blows through Pāhala and stacks up as it
reaches the leeward side of the island. Image from AirNow

Prevailing winds are expected to keep driving the vog across Kaʻū and up to Kona. How much bad air will reach these communities is unknown, given variability of winds. Pāhala is on the windward side of the island and the trades tend to push the vog along. Ocean View and up the coast to Kona are on the leeward side of the island with less wind, and particulate matter can build up there.

Shallow earthquakes preceded another ash blow at Halemaʻumaʻu Crater
this afternoon. See the USGS earthquake maps.

At noon today the S02 levels reported in Pāhala, Ocean View, and Kona were negligible. The overall particulate and other measurements for the AirNow reading were good in Pāhala, moderate in in Ocean View, and unhealthy for sensitive groups in Kona.
However, with another round of shallow earthquakes, another ash plume blasted out of Halemaʻumaʻu in Kīlauea Crater this afternoon, sending more ash toward Kaʻū.
See Hawaiʻi Short Term SO2 Advisory. See AirNow. Also see the University of Hawaiʻi air quality predictions.

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BEWARE OF LAZE
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory reports: Late last night, the fissure 20 lava flow reached the ocean. Hot lava entering the ocean creates a dense
white plume called laze(short for "lava haze"). Laze is formed as hot lava boils seawater to dryness. The process leads to a series of chemical
reactions that result in the formation of a billowing white cloud composed of a mixture of condensed seawater steam, hydrochloric acid gas, and
tiny shards of volcanic glass. This mixture has the stinging and corrosive properties of dilute battery acid, and should be avoided. Because
laze can be blown downwind, its corrosive effects can extend far beyond the actual ocean entry area. USGS photo

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THERE IS "ABSOLUTELY NO REASON" TO CANCEL TRIPS TO HAWAIʻI ISLAND, said Ross Birch, Executive Director of Island of Hawaiʻi Visitors Bureau, speaking at a press conference at Volcano Golf Course on Saturday.

Birch Ross, Executive Director,
Island of Hawaiʻi Visitors Bureau

Birch said the eruption is having no affect on either major airport’s traffic. He stated the numbers of tourists arriving is similar or slightly more than the numbers from 2017. Japanese tourism had an immediate slight drop, said Birch, but the biggest impact so far are the park closure, and the cruise lines - which have chosen to stay away from the ports of Hilo and Kona. The cancelled cruises will have cost Hawaiʻi Island about $1.2 million as of next week, per the present cancellations.

Other immediate impacts are group reservation cancellations for May through the summer, estimated to cost “tens to hundreds of thousands per property,” said Birch. Businesses that are in or related specifically to Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park or the Puna area are “critically affected,” and “most have laid off employees or closed their doors.”

See current info and updates from the Hawaiian Tourism Authority or call the hotline at 1-800-Go-Hawaii.
See the press conference, with Ross, Hawaiian Volcano scientists, Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park officials, state Dept. of Health officials, and more.

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U.S. SEN. DANIEL AKAKA LAID IN STATE at the State Capitol Rotunda from Friday through Saturday mornings,

Sen. Dan Akaka made it a practice to attend Democratic
Party rallies at Hilo Bandstand. Photo by Julia Neal

surrounded by a military honor guard, Hawaiian musicians, and an overnight celebration drawing many who knew him and spoke about his his long life of service.
A public celebration of life was held Saturday at 2 p.m. at KawaiahaoChurch, where Gov. David Ige and former Governors George Ariyoshi, John Waihee, Ben Cayetano, and Neil Abercrombie, spoke.

Akaka, who passed away on April 6 at age 93, will be buried tomorrow, May 21, in a private service at Punchbowl.

Akaka was the first Native Hawaiian elected to Congress. He strove to support veterans - especially Japanese-American ones - and served in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers during World War II. He then became an educator, a principal, then started to serve in various government positions until running and winning a U.S. House of Representatives seat in 1976, then the Senate in 1990. Akaka stayed in public office until 2012. He is most famous for the “Akaka Bill,” which sought U.S. federal recognition for Hawaiians in a similar way as Native American tribes.

A release from Ige states: “As an educator and a humble statesman for more than three and a half decades, Senator Akaka's life of service sets an example for all of us. The people of Hawaiʻi mourn this great public servant who fought for Native Hawaiian education, language and culture, for medical and educational benefits for our veterans, recognition of Filipino veterans, and for many other social service programs.”

“I thank the beloved Senator Akaka for his unwavering dedication to the people of Hawaiʻi. Senator lived a life of service and aloha, and the people of Hawaiʻihave benefited in countless ways,” said Ige. “Our state mourns the loss of this man of upright character.”

Gov. David Ige with Sen. Akaka. Photo from Gov. Ige

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SEN. MAZIE HIRONO IS ON HAWAIʻI ISLAND TODAY to visit residents displaced by the volcanic activity.

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CRISIS LINE OF HAWAI‘I IS NOW AVAILABLE to those feeling stress and anxiety from ongoing volcanic eruption on Hawai‘i Island. A week into the lava flow from Kīlauea volcano on Hawai‘i Island, states a release from the office of Gov. David Ige, the Hawai‘i State Department of Health is reminding residents and visitors that anyone who has been affected by the recent eruptions and is seeking help in coping with mental or emotional effects, may call the Crisis Line of Hawai‘i toll-free at 1-800-753-6879.

DOH's Crisis Line of Hawai‘i is available 24 hours-a-day, seven-days-a-week and “is staffed with a team of live, local representatives who are trained and experienced professionals able to help individuals in times of a mental health crisis. People who have feelings of stress and anxiety can call the Crisis Line to receive short-term confidential counseling as well as information on available resources,” says the release.

“Taking steps early to ensure the mental health of you and your family during and after a tragic event can make a difference in the long-run, especially when young children are involved,” said Mark Fridovich, Ph.D., M.P.A., administrator of DOH’s Adult Mental Health Division. “Disasters like the Kīlauea lava flow are unexpected and often bring out strong emotions, which is understandable when people are forced out of their homes and into a state of fear and worry. This is why we offer resources like the Crisis Line and hope people take advantage of it during their times of need.”

Additionally, The Parent Line is a free, locally-based, statewide telephone line that provides support, encouragement, informal counseling, information, and referral to callers experiencing concerns about their child’s behavior or who have issues regarding family stresses or questions about community resources. The Parent Line is available Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. and Saturday from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Contact The Parent Line toll-free at 1-800-816-1222 or visit http://www.theparentline.org/ to learn more.

“Ongoing evacuations due to the lava flow and the insecurity of not knowing what will happen are a source of stress and anxiety for many people, particularly those in or near areas that have been forced to leave their homes. People responding to the emergency and those with family and friends affected by the lava flow are also likely feeling the effects of stress and anxiety,” states the release.

“DOH offers the following guidance to aid in coping during this difficult time:

• Talk to your family members and friends to maintain a strong support system.

• Children are particularly vulnerable, as they have trouble processing what is happening. Help your children by sharing age-appropriate information and being honest.

• Set a good example for children by taking care of yourself.

• Take breaks and unwind periodically and ask for help if you need it.

• Stay informed of the situation by tuning in to local news sources but avoid excessive exposure to media coverage of the event.”

For more resources, visit the DOH Adult Mental Health Division’s website at http://health.hawaii.gov/amhd/consumer/access/. Additional information and resources can be found on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s website at https://emergency.cdc.gov/coping/index.asp.

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MICHAEL L. LAST WILL RUN FOR DISTRICT THREE IN THE HAWAIʻI STATE SENATE this November. The Libertarian candidate has issued a partial position statement:

“I truly believe that less government equals more personal freedom. In all forms.

“Why must the state and/or county government continuously raise the tax burden on those that pay to promote the programs that allegedly help those non-taxpayers? I've had enough!

“As an adult you have the right to do whatever you want with your own person or property, provided you do not infringe on the person or property of a non-consenting other adult.

“Drugs as an example - I refuse to partake in this non-prescribed practice, but feel that others can do what they want if they do not affect others. If drugs are so dangerous, why isn't drinking and driving treated the same way?

“Same with gambling, and not the social kind referenced under HRS 712-1231. All forms of gambling should be allowed, but with two restrictions. 1) It should only be available to those over a certain age (18, 19, 20 or 21); and 2) It should not be made mandatory. Think of all the money the state would receive from gambling by those that consent to partake. State lottery, what a windfall for education. Can't handle gambling? Tough... don't play, I don't.

“Smoking. Why should the state dictate that anyone under 21 must refrain from smoking? You can join the military and defend America from all enemies and possibly give up your life at 18, but smoking, no good. And what about voting? At 18 you are old enough to cast a ballot for the same people who restrict smoking. Doesn't this sound hypocritical?

“An abortion is a medical procedure between a woman and her physician. Period! The government should not get involved in any way in medical procedures. If some person believes it is murder, then they are not required to abort their own fetus. You leave other people alone, and I'll do the same.

“Don't like inoculations, don't take them. But don't think of sending your children to the public schools to infect my children.

“Term limits. I am totally in support of a maximum two terms for every elected position. And only two terms; no taking a term off and then running again. No more serving for life. If it's good enough for the President, it's good enough for every elected servant.

Libertarian state Senate candidate Michael Last.

“Public funding of campaigns. I am against any form of public payment of campaigns unless it is done where a person can opt-out from paying into the fund. In addition, there must be no requirement for a candidate to raise separately a certain amount of money. Presently, now a candidate that elects not to accept any contributions cannot receive public funds. I have rejected any attempt by anyone to contribute to my campaign. Why do people contribute? I believe pac stands for Purchase A Candidate.

“Politicians receiving, and using, discretionary funds? What a joke! Eliminate them, the discretionary funds... as well as the politicians.

Why does Hawaiʻi still have mandatory unionized state and county workers? I worked for the County of Hawaii a long time ago and was required to pay union fees. This is O.K. in the private sector but not in the public arena.

“Eliminate certain state and county agencies and departments, like the state Department of Tourism. The forms that they produce and distribute for all arriving visitors, and returning residents, assists no one other than the private tourism related entities. Like hotels and rental cars. Let them collect the data.

“But if you like the way things are going, then go right ahead and vote in the usual politicians. Or you can vote for me, I am the only candidate. A true candidate, not a politician.

“Have I sparked your interest? Want to talk more? Give me a call; send a letter or an email. Even if you want to tell me where I'm wrong, please call or write. And I will not ask for any funding from you. You see, I'm not a politician after all!”

Michael Last can be reached at P.O. Box 291, Nāʻālehu, HI, 96772, 808-929-8422, or LAST_PL@yahoo.com.

See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

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MONDAY, MAY 21

Ka‘ū Homeschool Co–op Group, Monday, May 21, 1 p.m., Ocean View Community Center. A parent led homeschool activity/social group building community in Ka‘ū. Laura Roberts, 406-249-3351

Discovery Harbour Neighborhood Watch Meeting, Mon, May 21, 5-6:30pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. 929-9576, discoveryharbour.net

TUESDAY, MAY 22

MOVED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Auditions for Kīlauea Drama & Entertainments Musical "Oliver," Tue & Wed, May 22 & 23, 6:30pm, VolcanoArtCenter's Niʻaulani Campus in VolcanoVillage. Parts for all ages and ability. 982-7344, kden73@aol.com

WEDNESDAY, MAY 23

Craft Night at Mokupāpapa Discovery Center, Wed., May 23, 3:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. Sessions every half hour until 6 p.m. at the Mokupāpapa Discovery Center. This month will be glazing a custom clay ornament of a tiger shark. Sharks worldwide are threatened, and Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument provides one of the last sanctuaries for these majestic animals. Coral reefs depend upon a healthy shark population. Sign up early due to a limited supply of ornaments. Cost is $12 per ornament. Pre-register and prepay at Kīlauea Pottery, phone 731-6614 or visit them at 46 Waianuenue Ave. Contact Clayton.Watkins@noaa.gov or call (808) 933-8184.

MOVED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Auditions for Kīlauea Drama & Entertainments Musical "Oliver," Tue & Wed, May 22 & 23, 6:30pm, Volcano Art Center's Niʻaulani Campus in Volcano Village. Parts for all ages and ability. 982-7344, kden73@aol.com

THURSDAY, MAY 24

FRIDAY, MAY 25

Memorial Day Lei - Arts & Crafts, Fri, May 25, 2-3pm, Kahuku Park, H.O.V.E. For all ages. Register May 21-25. Free. Teresa Anderson, 929-9113, hawaiicounty.gov/pr-recreation

SATURDAY, MAY 26

HIDEM's Hawai‘i State Convention, Sat & Sun, May 26 & 27, Hilton Waikoloa. hawaiidemocrats.org

SUNDAY, MAY 27

‘Ōhi‘a Lehua, Sun, 27, 9:30-11am, Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Learn about vital role of ‘ōhi‘a lehua in native Hawaiian forests, and many forms of ‘ōhi‘a tree and its flower on this free, easy, one-mile walk. nps.gov/HAVO

NEW & UPCOMING

REGISTRATION FOR SUMMER LEARN-TO-SWIM LESSONS offered at the Pāhala Swimming Pool, takes place Wednesday, May 30, and Thursday, May 31, from 1 p.m. to 4 p.m. at the pool. For more details, call 928-8177 or visit hawaiicounty.gov/pr-aquatics/.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

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Explosive eruptions continue at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano today. This image was taken yesterday by Andrew Richard Hara
on a flight with Paradise Helicopters. See the story below. See Andrew Richard Hara's website, Facebook, and Instagram.

LAVA IS ON THE PROPERTY OF THE PUNA GEOTHERMAL VENTURE PLANT, Pacific Business News reported this afternoon. A flow from fissure 22 moved toward the well pad and apparently stalled about 100 meters from the grounds.

In the meantime PGV, county, state, and federal partners are attempting to reduce the risk of explosions, should lava penetrate the geothermal wells. They have poured cold water into the geothermal wells and are close to completing their attempt to kill the last well and cap it.

Lava approaching Puna Geothermal Ventures. Image from
Tropical Visions Video and Paradise Heliocopters

Hawaiʻi News Now reported at 6 p.m. that PGV representatives said that one well, hotter than usual, apparently under pressure from the approaching lava, is proving troublesome in the attempt to kill it. An alternative approach using mud instead of water to cool and kill it is being attempted, the news report stated.
Tom Travis, chief of state Emergency Management, said that he "should know soon if efforts are successful to neutralize KS 134, the last 'active' well." Said Travis, "We have quenched 10 of 11 wells and we are pumping fluid to plug the last well as we speak.
“Should have an idea whether or not that’s successful tonight. Once that step is taken, we will be in a much more solid state for having lava overflow the site. This is important, because I think, as all of you know, lava is starting to intrude on the southern edge of Puna Geothermal Venture site. It’s not easy to predict where it’s going to go or when it’s going to get there."
See the press conference on Puna Geothermal covered by Big Island Video News.

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LAVA BOAT TOURS ARE STARTING UP along the lower Puna coast as lava pours into the ocean. Kalapanalavaboat.com is advertising trips on its U.S. Coast Guard certified 49-foot catamaran called Hotspot, saying it sold out today's tours. The website says: "Lava flows have reached the ocean and our lava boat tours are now scheduled twice daily, both at 4 a.m. and 4 p.m. respectively." The trips embark to the left of the Suisan Fish Market hoist in Hilo.

Kalapana Lava Boat photo from days when the flow was
farther from people's houses. Photo from kalapanalavaboat.com

The Coast Guard will allow already permitted boats to sail offshore of the lava going into the ocean near MacKinzie State Park where two lava lobes are flowing into the Pacific.
The website says, "With all the devastation, heartbreak and loss the current lava flow is causing here on the Big Island...the powerful earth's core still is the most amazing thing you could ever witness in person. We see it everywhere on video and the media every day over and again, but it will never compare to putting your digital device down and witnessing the amazing path of Tutu Pele in person.
"Although we have opened up our booking schedule, we ask that you please continue to respect incident personnel working hard and the residents who have been displaced and have lost their livelihood due to the Kīlauea Volcanoes destructive path."
The website says passengers must be in good health with no recent injuries, no back injuries, and not currently pregnant. See www.kalapanalavaboat.com.

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County Managing Director Will Okabe was being interviewed Sunday as reporters
and military rushed toward him from spattering lava. Photo from Big Island Video News

REPORTERS AND SOLDIERS SCURRIED AWAY from a lava spattering explosion on Sunday, as County Managing Director Will Okabe gave an interview to news cameraman Daryl Lee. The interview was held in front of one of the two massive lava flows, 200 yards wide and 20 feet tall, that crossed Highway 137 in lower Puna.

As Okabe went on camera to warn to the public to stay away from the area, an explosion sounded and military and press ran toward him. "It's exploding right now. It is definitely a hazard," said Okobe.

Okabe told Lee and Big Island Video News that Kalapana people still have access to evacuate on Highway 130. “But they need to really pay attention to what’s happening because anything can happen. Madame Pele can come out at any time,” Okabe said, “but we don’t want to cause panic. We want them to just be well informed, that’s it.”

See the interview on bigislandvideonews.com.

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May 21 update of flows from fissures in Lower Puna. See below for current, as of 8 a.m. today, fissure activity. USGS map

LAVA CONTINUES TO FLOW INTO THE OCEAN at two outfalls in lower Puna. Air pollution from mixing of lava and ocean water, inland lava fountains, and gas emitted from fissures is increasing the health threat to residents of the area.
Hawaiʻi County Civil Defense warned today that "residents and visitors in lower Puna, south of the Lower East Rift Zone, should be prepared to leave the area with little to no notice due to gas or lava inundation. Take action necessary to prepare ahead of time. Gas levels remain high. Take actions to limit further exposure."
One of the institutions in the path of the lava is Kua O Ka Lā New Century Public Charter School, which began moving all of its equipment from its campus today, with help from the county and with Civil Defense predicting that lava flow could reach it within a few days.

Civil Defense also stated, "Due to unsafe conditions on roadways, the following policies are in effect: Kalapana and Kapoho Roads are open to residents only. Identification is required. Highway 137 is closed to all traffic between Kamaili Road and Pohoiki Road. Kamaili Road is closed to all thru traffic. No stopping, this is a high sulfur dioxide area. Everyone is asked to stay out of the area."

Fountaining from fissure 22 yesterday. For scale, under the tall tree on the left stand two people - one in orange, one in blue. USGS photo

"Due to the lava entry at the ocean, the following policies are in effect: Access to the area is prohibited due to the laze hazard. Stay away from any ocean plume since it can change direction without warning. The U.S. Coast Guard is actively monitoring the ocean entry area and enforcing a 300 meter standoff zone. Only permitted tour boats are allowed in the area."

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One of the first reports of an explosion at Kīlauea Crater can be seen on Hawaiian Volcano Observatory's Eletronic Tilt graph, showing today's at around 1800 hours and others over the last two weeks. HVO graph

EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS OF ASH CONTINUE at Kīlaueasummit, with an explosion at 5:55 p.m. and ash expected to head toward Kaʻū. Yesterday there were two, including one in the photo at the top of these Kaʻū News Briefs.
At 12:55 a.m., this morning, an ash plume reached 7,000 feet above sea level. Between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m., more ash was generated, and one plume reached 10,000 feet. Winds are carrying most of the ash to the southwest.

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"It is easy to see the activity on Hawaii’s #Kilauea Volcano from @Space_Station.
We hope those in the vicinity of the eruption can stay out of harm’s way," Tweeted
astronaut A. J. (Drew) Feustel @Astro-Feustal from the
International Space Station on Sunday, May 13.

“DO NOT BE NEAR” LAZE is the best way to avoid health impact from the particles and gasses generated from lava flowing into the ocean, stated Dr. Alvin Bronstein, of the state Department of Health, during a press conference today. Bronstein stated the danger is influenced primarily by the amount and makeup of lava going into the ocean, and the direction of wind. Laze is a health risk in air for particles and sulfuric acid, he said; once particles are on the ground, exposure risk is minimal.

Janet Babb of USGS warned today of a new danger: methane explosions from lava or fire reaching pockets of decayed vegetation, which can happen further away from lava flow than expected.

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TWELVE DAYS OF HAWAIʻI VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK CLOSURE - plus earlier, shorter closures this year - have cost the island millions of dollars in lost revenues, according to figures presented by HVNP spokesperson Jessica Ferracane.

This morning's overflight of Kīlauea Volcano’s Lower East Rift Zone
shows lava flowing around a kipuka (an "island" of land surrounded
by younger lava flows) before entering the ocean. The ocean
entry is producing a laze plume.
Photo from USGS/Carolyn Parcheta

The economic impact on the local community is “quite significant,” said Ferracane, noting that HVNP is the number one attraction in the state, drawing more than two million visitors a year, spending $166 million in 2017. The cumulative benefit to the local economy was estimated at $222 million in 2017, the park reported.
Two thirds of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes closed on the evening of May 10 due to risk from volcanic activity and it is unknown when it will be safe enough to reopen. It was also closed May 4 through 6 during Kīlauea eruptions. From Jan 20-22, Hawaiʻi Volcanoes and other national parks were closed until Congress funded the federal government.

Ferracane stated the last long closure of the park was in October of 2015 during a federal government shutdown, which lasted 16 days.

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HAWAI‘I ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY HAS ANNOUNCED CONTINGENCY PLANS to restore electricity to communities in lower Puna that may be cut off by lava flows. Options include diesel and solar battery generators.With lava moving more quickly over the past few days, Hawaiian Electric Light engineers are identifying suitable locations.

Burning power lines in Lower Puna.
Photo from hawaiielectric.com

In particular, engineers are planning to "help power critical infrastructure, such as cell phone towers,” said spokesperson Rhea Lee-Moku. “We’ve developed several plans that can be implemented to provide short-term solutions. Work on long-term solutions will continue and will be dependent on the impact of the lava and other seismic activity in this area, as well as guidance from Civil Defense authorities.”

In addition to possibly employing large capacity diesel generators and portable solar-battery-generator units, the utility is considering the use of steel poles strong enough to support wires able to span lava flows and temporarily connect to undamaged distribution lines.

Hawai‘i Electric Light has created a page on its website “for the latest information for customers affected by the eruption and for those who may have questions about billing and service during the emergency” at https://www.hawaiielectriclight.com/lava. Updates also are available on the company’s Twitter - @HIElectricLight - and Facebook - HawaiianElectric - accounts.

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AIR QUALITY INDEX AFTER SEVERAL DAYS OF FREQUENT ASH PLUMES from Halemaʻumaʻu as of 4 p.m. today in Pāhala is good at 21, Ocean View is moderate at 74, and Kona is moderate, nearing unhealthy for sensitive groups, at 90. AQI measures particulate matter, as well as gasses.
SO2 measurements were good for most of today, with Ocean View measuring at 0.03 and Pāhala at 0.01 at 4:30 p.m. Pāhala had a spike of moderate levels around 8 a.m., up to 0.19, back down to good range by 930 a.m.
See AirNow. See Hawaiʻi Short Term SO2 Advisory. Also see the University of Hawaiʻi air quality prediction website at http://weather.hawaii.edu/vmap/hysplit/

See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

AUDITIONS FOR KĪLAUEA DRAMA & ENTERTAINMENT NETWORK’S SUMMER MUSICAL OLIVER will be held at the Volcano Art Center's Niʻaulani Campus in Volcano Village due to the National Park closure. Auditions for all ages and abilities will be on Tuesday and Wednesday, May 22 and 23, at 6:30 p.m. Be prepared to sing, do cold reads, and move. The show will run July 13 -29, 2018. For more information call 982-7344 or email kden73@aol.com.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

TUESDAY, MAY 22

Hawai‘i County Special Council Meeting, First Reading of Operating & CIP Budgets, Tue, May 22, 9-4:30pm, Hilo Council Chambers. Ka‘ū residents can participate via video conferencing at Nā‘ālehu State Office Building. Agendas at hawaiicounty.gov

HOVE Road Maintenance Monthly Meeting, Tue, May 22, 3 p.m., RMC Office in Ocean View. hoveroad.com, 929-9910

MOVED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Auditions for Kīlauea Drama & Entertainments Musical "Oliver," Tue & Wed, May 22 & 23, 6:30pm, Volcano Art Center's Niʻaulani Campus in Volcano Village. Parts for all ages and ability. 982-7344, kden73@aol.com

WEDNESDAY, MAY 23

Craft Night at Mokupāpapa Discovery Center, Wed., May 23, 3:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. Sessions every half hour until 6 p.m. at the Mokupāpapa Discovery Center. This month will be glazing a custom clay ornament of a tiger shark. Sharks worldwide are threatened, and Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument provides one of the last sanctuaries for these majestic animals. Coral reefs depend upon a healthy shark population. Sign up early due to a limited supply of ornaments. Cost is $12 per ornament. Pre-register and prepay at Kīlauea Pottery, phone 731-6614 or visit them at 46 Waianuenue Ave. Contact Clayton.Watkins@noaa.gov or call (808) 933-8184.

MOVED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Auditions for Kīlauea Drama & Entertainments Musical "Oliver," Tue & Wed, May 22 & 23, 6:30pm, Volcano Art Center's Niʻaulani Campus in Volcano Village. Parts for all ages and ability. 982-7344, kden73@aol.com

THURSDAY, MAY 24

FRIDAY, MAY 25

Memorial Day Lei - Arts & Crafts, Fri, May 25, 2-3pm, Kahuku Park, H.O.V.E. For all ages. Register May 21-25. Free. Teresa Anderson, 929-9113, hawaiicounty.gov/pr-recreation

SATURDAY, MAY 26

HIDEM's Hawai‘i State Convention, Sat & Sun, May 26 & 27, Hilton Waikoloa. hawaiidemocrats.org

SUNDAY, MAY 27

MONDAY, MAY 28

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Memorial Day Ceremony, Mon, May 28, 3pm, Kīlauea Military Camp front lawn, inside Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Gathering to remember and pay tribute to those who made the ultimate sacrifice. Keynote Speaker: Major Kawika Hosea, Executive Officer of 1-299 Cavalry Regiment, Keaukaha Military Reservation. In case of rain, ceremony will move indoors. Open to authorized KMC patrons and sponsored guests. Park entrance fees apply. 967-8371, kilaueamilitarycamp.com

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Memorial Day Buffet, Mon, May 28, 4-7pm, Crater Rim Café, Kīlauea Military Campy, inside Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Menu includes BBQ Kalua Pork, Local Styles Fried Chicken with Gravy, Salads and more. $19/Adult, $10/Child (6-11 yrs). Open to authorized KMC patrons and sponsored guests. Park entrance fees apply. 967-8356, kilaueamilitarycamp.com

NEW & UPCOMING
HAWAI’I WILDLIFE FUND HOSTS TWO UPCOMING KA‘Ū VOLUNTEER DAYS, with the first beach clean-up opportunity taking place on Tuesday, June 5, with Hawai’i Outdoor Institute. The second beach clean-up opportunity takes place on Saturday, July 7, at Leipana/Pā‘ula, which is located below Nā‘ālehu.
Space is limited, email kahakai.cleanups@gmail.com for time to meet up at Wai‘ōhinu Park. Free; however, donations are appreciated. Visit wildhawaii.org for more about Hawai‘i Wildlife Fund.

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Lava approaches the Puna Geothermal Ventures facility. See story below. Image from Hawai`i County Civil Defense

KAʻŪ HIGH & PĀHALA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL'S ASH SITUATION made statewide media reports today, with Hawaiʻi News Now interviewing Principal Sharon Beck. The reporter described the volcanic ash on rooftops, cars, and the ground throughout the town, and said she could smell sulfur and that her eyes burned as she visited the campus.
An explosive eruption rocked Halemaʻumaʻu in Kīlauea Volcano at 3:45 this morning, the plume reaching a height of 8,000 feet. The ash came into Kaʻū on light winds throughout the day. County Civil Defense warned: "Take action to avoid exposure to ash."

Kaʻū High students used the golden shovels in 2012 for the groundbreaking
of the new Kaʻū District Gym, which hosts high school sports. It also
serves at a regional Disaster Shelter and may be used for sheltering
against ashfall. Photo by Geneveve Fyvie

Hawaiʻi News Now reported that 22 to 48 percent of the 500 students did not come to the Pāhala campus in the last few days. The principal described the absence as attributed to "difficulty breathing, watery eyes, just not feeling well." Beck said that everyone responds differently to the situation. Students are issued N95 ash masks and pediatric masks for protection.
The principal said the school is considering online options to keep children who stay home on ash days in the educational mode. The long-term response depends on how long the volcanic ash explosions last.
According to the principal, the groundskeeping schedule for the large campus in Pāhala has been changed to avoid mowing and throwing up ash that could drift into classrooms when students are there. Most of the classrooms are without air conditioning.

Kaʻū District Gym & shelter at its grand opening on Oct. 5,
2016. Photo by Ron Johnson

The Pāhala District Gym, which is adjacent to the school campus and holds more than 1,000 people, is unequipped with air conditioning and air cleaning.
Adjacent to the gym is an activity room with air cleaning and air conditioning. It holds 225 people. The population of Pāhala is about 1,450.
The Pāhala District Gym and disaster shelter was funded to be the regional disaster shelter for the much larger population of Kaʻū. To build it was a campaign of the late Kaʻū state Rep. Robert Herkes.
In recent days, the windows of the big gym have been closed to keep air clean. County Department of Parks & Recreation workers said they are ready to open for the public any time, should Civil Defense give the word that ashfall is unmanageable for health in Kaʻū homes. The gym is also being prepared for Kaʻū High School's graduation this Saturday.
Hawaiʻi News Now also reported on Nāʻālehu School, saying that the ash is not as abundant but that the school has safe rooms for students.

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SO2 LEVELS HAVE BECOME A LARGER HAZARD IN PUNA, but less so up Kilauea Volcano at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō and Halemaʻumaʻu, states Wendy Stovall of USGS. During a press conference today, she said the eruptions at the fissures in lower Puna are releasing 15,000 tons of SO2 per day. Stovall stated this is a “very high number,” being caused by a lot of fresh, more gas-filled magma coming to the surface. The numbers started to go up a couple days ago, and the higher emission rate coincided with the fresh lava flows - when the flows started heading to the coast – she said.

The fissure complex, pictured in the upper right, continues to feed a meandering lava flow, center.
Lava in the easternmost lobe is entering the ocean, creating laze (white plume). USGS photo

Past SO2 levels for the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō area were 200 to 300 tons per day. Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō is not releasing any SO2 now. Kīlauea summit was releasing 3,000 to 6,000 tons per day when Halema‘uma‘u's lava lake was filled. The summit is expelling a different makeup of gasses now, but no levels were available at press time.

SO2 levels in Pāhala and Ocean View at 6:30 p.m. are good at 0.06 parts per million. Kona is seeing 0.02 ppm.
Air Quality Index was down for all locations at press time.
See AirNow. See Hawaiʻi Short Term SO2 Advisory. Also see the University of Hawaiʻi air quality prediction website at http://weather.hawaii.edu/vmap/hysplit/

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LAVA DESTROYED A FORMER GEOTHERMAL PROJECT FACILITY next to the current PGV geothermal wells in lower Puna today. County Civil Defense reported: "Fissures near Puna Geothermal Venture are active and producing lava slowly flowing onto the property. This activity has destroyed the former Hawaiʻi Geothermal Project site area adjacent to PGV. At this time this situation is being closely monitored. There is no immediate threat to any of the wells at PGV."

Puna Geothermal officials said that none of the 11 wells have been capped but ten of them have been "quenched" with water. The 11th was treated with a mud material, similar to what is used in plugging oil wells. All of them are offline and not producing electricity.

The tiny Ocean View police substation is
up for a new lease with the county.
Photo by Ann Bosted

During a press conference today, Gov. David Ige said he and his emergency team are confident that area residents are safe for now.

Civil Defense also warns residents in lower Puna that they "should be prepared to leave the area with little notice due to gas or lava inundation. Take action necessary to prepare ahead of time."

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THE TINY POLICE OUTPOST IN OCEAN VIEW'S makai shopping center has received a lease renewal approval vote from the County Council's Finance Committee. The resolution, which goes to full council, would allow the administration to renew for five years with an option for another five. The owners are Ocean View Partners, LLC. It is located among the stores across from Malama Market. A number of initiatives from the Ocean View community have asked the county to provide a larger, fuller service police station.

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Residue pattern on a leaf of the perfume flower

tree or pua kenikeni (Fragraea berteriana) from

rain drops falling on the ash. Pattern was barely

visible with naked eye. Taken with iPhone

and macro lens by Edward H. Rau.

PHOTOMICROGRAPHS OF ASH FALLOUT from the explosive eruption at Kīlauea summit on May 14 were sent by a Discovery Harbour

Close up of ash sample collected in a vial of

water from cars Parked in Pāhala and

Discovery Harbour, then dried on a microscope

slide. Photo by Edward H. Rau

resident to Hawaiʻi Volcanoes Observatory. Edward H. Rau, who operates a small bioresearch company in Kaʻū called Sustainable Bioresources, said HVO preliminarily reported that “the ash appeared to be predominantly plagioclase crystals, small bits of volcanic rock and glass, and altered (oxidized red) fragments of rock and iron and manganese bearing minerals. Plagioclase is a common feldspar mineral found in igneous rocks and it can be used for dating volcanic ash deposits.”

Rau said that though Sustainable Bioresources "is located about 40 miles from the Kīlauea summit eruptions, we still have to be concerned about vog or ash induced damage to our plants. …I made some photomicrographs of the ash fallout on plants and other surfaces and sent the photos to HVO.”

See the website at www.sustainablebioresources.com.

1) Close up of ash on ʻōhiʻa leaf. 2) Close up of ash deposit on pua kenikeni leaf, zoomed in. 3) Close up of ash deposit on pua kenikeni leaf. Dissecting microscope 4X objective, 10X ocular. 4) Close up of ash deposit on pua kenikeni leaf. Note crystal on lower right. Photos by Edward H. Rau

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PUBLIC HEALTH THREATS FROM VOLCANIC ACTIVITY OF KĪLAEUA VOLCANO are receiving analytical help from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Pacific Southwest Region. The EPA is helping to analyze threats from volcanic gas emissions, including managing technical data and enhancing multi-agency air monitoring of the emissions. EPA’s work is part of the Federal Emergency Management Agency - the FEMA response to the Kīlauea volcanic eruption on Hawaiʻi Island.

EPA worked with the state Department of Health to establish 10 additional air monitoring station locations and continues to work with DOH and the County of Hawaiʻi to additional locations to provide data on sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and particulate levels. A statement from the Agency will continue to evaluate data collected from the Air Now Network operated by the DOH. EPA has 16 personnel on Hawai`ʻi Island and one representative working with FEMA operations in Honolulu.
For more information, visit the Hawaiʻi Interagency Vog Information Dashboard which has comprehensive information and data related to vog and ash hazards and impact: https://vog.ivhhn.org.

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HAWAIʻI STATE TEACHER’S ASSOCIATION AND HAWAIʻI REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS ENDORSED SEN. JOSH GREEN this week in his bid for Lieutenant Governor. The senator has served Kaʻū and Kona since 2009. The groups endorsing him represent approximately 13,700 educators from public and charter schools, and about 6,500 carpenter members.

During the announcement, the Regional Carpenter Union’s Executive Secretary and Treasurer Ron Taketa said that, though there are diverse candidates for the position during this election year, Green is the right candidate for the position. “We can wait no longer to address the human crisis confronting us: endemic homelessness, lack of affordable housing, traffic, healthcare – particularly for the elderly, and adequate finding and staffing for our schools,” which he stated would take legislative cooperation and leadership “from the top floor.” Taketa stated Green impressed him with his “ability to bring people together, to work to get things done.” Taketa said that Green’s “outstanding personal credentials and accomplishments as a physician, state representative, senator, community leader, and educator” were reason enough to support Green, but it was Green’s “unassuming local-style leadership” that impressed him the most.

Sen. Josh Green, who is running for Lieutenant Governor, with his family and
representatives from the Hawaiʻi State Teachers Association and Hawaiʻi
Regional Council of Carpenters, as they made an announcement
to endorse his candidacy. Photo from Dr. Green's Facebook

Corey Rosenlee, President of HSTA, states HSTA “strongly supports” Green. Rosenlee said their reasons include his physician care of Hawaiʻi families; his relatives who are teachers – which gives him understanding of the problems teachers face; that he “deeply cares” about public education – which his children attend. Rosenlee said Green’s “promises to continue to fight” for higher teachers salaries, small class sizes, tax credit for teacher’s classroom expenses, and debt-free college. Rosenlee said Green is a “strong proponent” of more funding for public schools, believes in universal healthcare for “our keiki, guaranteed coverage of treatment for Hawaiʻi’s autistic children, stronger protections for victims of sexual assault, and new programs to reduce maternal mortality. He believes Hawaiʻi is a place where no family should have to live in poverty, or has to choose between buying food or buying medicine for a sick child. He knows that supporting strong, high-quality public schools is vital and benefits everyone. It’s for all of those reasons HSTA is pleased to recommend Dr. Josh Green for Lieutenant Governor.”
Green practiced medicine at Kaʻū hospital and lived at Punaluʻu, when he first moved to Hawaiʻi to practice medicine.

Watch the announcement on HSTA’s Facebook.

See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

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WEDNESDAY, MAY 23

Craft Night at Mokupāpapa Discovery Center, Wed., May 23, 3:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. Sessions every half hour until 6 p.m. at the Mokupāpapa Discovery Center. This month will be glazing a custom clay ornament of a tiger shark. Sharks worldwide are threatened, and Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument provides one of the last sanctuaries for these majestic animals. Coral reefs depend upon a healthy shark population. Sign up early due to a limited supply of ornaments. Cost is $12 per ornament. Pre-register and prepay at Kīlauea Pottery, phone 731-6614 or visit them at 46 Waianuenue Ave. Contact Clayton.Watkins@noaa.gov or call (808) 933-8184.

MOVED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Auditions for Kīlauea Drama & Entertainments Musical "Oliver," Tue & Wed, May 22 & 23, 6:30pm, Volcano Art Center's Niʻaulani Campus in Volcano Village. Parts for all ages and ability. 982-7344, kden73@aol.com

THURSDAY, MAY 24

VA Medical Services, Thursdays, May 24 & 31, 8:30-noon, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

Ka‘ū Community Children's Council, Thu, May 24, 12:30-1:30 p.m., Punalu‘u Bake Shop. Monthly meeting provides local forum for all community members to come together as equal partners to discuss and positively affect multiple systems' issues for the benefit of all students, families, and communities. Chad Domingo, domingoc1975@yahoo.com, ccco.k12.hi.us

FRIDAY, MAY 25

Memorial Day Lei - Arts & Crafts, Fri, May 25, 2-3pm, Kahuku Park, H.O.V.E. For all ages. Register May 21-25. Free. Teresa Anderson, 929-9113, hawaiicounty.gov/pr-recreation

SATURDAY, MAY 26

HIDEM's Hawai‘i State Convention, Sat & Sun, May 26 & 27, Hilton Waikoloa. hawaiidemocrats.org

SUNDAY, MAY 27

MONDAY, MAY 28

TUESDAY, MAY 29

Ka‘ū Food Pantry, Tue, May 29, 11:30-1pm, St. Jude's Episcopal Church in Ocean View.

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Saving Rare Plants from the Brink of Extinction in HVNP, Tue, May 29, 7pm, Kīlauea Visitor Center Auditorium, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Park Botanist Sierra McDaniel discusses rare plant management in the park. Free; park entrance fees apply. nps.gov/HAVO

NEW & UPCOMING

HAWAI‘I STATE PUBLIC LIBRARY SYSTEM ANNOUNCES SUMMER READING PROGRAM for 2018, Libraries Rock, which begins statewide and online Saturday, June 2, and continues through Saturday, July 14. Adults, teens, and children can register (starting June 2) and log reading minutes at librarieshawaii.beanstack.org or at their local library, such as Nā‘ālehu Public Library, Pāhala Public and School Library, and 49 others across the state. Participation is free.
Participants receive reading rewards, with all 2018 participants entered for a chance to win a Roundtrip for Four anywhere Alaska Airlines flies.
"Help us to achieve our statewide community reading goal of 13 million minutes... You can earn more automatic entries into the lucky grand prize drawing by: reading more and then logging your minutes read on librarieshawaii.beanstack.org or the new Beanstack app. - reading books, ebooks, graphic novels, magazines, newspapers, and listening to audiobooks all count! Completing activities and then logging them on librarieshawaii.beanstack.org or the new Beanstack app.," states the event poster. The app is available on iOS and Android devices.
The program is sponsored by the Friends of the Library of Hawai‘i and the 2018 Summer Reading Sponsors.

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Hawai‘i Island Quilting Artists are called to register by Saturday, May 26, for Volcano Art Center's 2nd Bi-Annual Quilt Show: Quilts in the Forest - Where the Path May Lead. Entry forms available online at volcanoartcenter.org/gallery/call-to-artists. Exhibition open Friday, July 13, to Friday, August 3, at Volcano Art Center's Niaulani campus, 19-4074 Old Volcano Road, Volcano Village. Contact Fia Mattice at 967-8222 or quiltshow2018@volcanoartcenter.org.

Sign Up for the Nāʻālehu Independence Day Parade, to be held June 30. If interested, call Debra McIntosh at 929-9872.

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Guided hikes, beautiful vistas, Coffee Talk, and more are now available five days a week at Kahuku Unit of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park.
See story and events, below. NPS/Janice Wei photo

"WE ARE IN IT FOR THE LONG HAUL," said USGS scientist Steve Brantley, during his talk about the instability of Kīlauea Volcano and its ash, gas, and lava eruptions that are polluting air across Puna and Kaʻū, and destroying homes and other buildings in lower Puna. He gave the long view during a community meeting in Pāhoa yesterday.

Brantley showed a cutaway diagram of the East Rift Zone of Kīlauea Volcano. The illustration shows the plumbing of the volcano, with an orange pipe - a conduit from Kīlauea summit directly to lower Puna that is sending down the lava.

The orange pipe illustrates the direct conduit from Kilauea Volcano to lower Puna fissures, with Pu`u O`o no longer a
vent that helped to keep the summit more stable. USGS illustration

Before the recent changes at Kīlauea, Puʻu ʻŌʻō Crater served to temper the activity at the summit, letting out steam and letting out lava. On about May 1, Brantley explained, the summit of the volcano began subsiding, as a reflection of magma now moving out of the summit reservoir, into the rift zone, and further down into the lower East Rift Down. "So, in a sense there is an open conduit from the summit to the lower east rift zone," he said.

Video of helicopter overflight over lower East Rift Zone ocean entry
and fissure complex today, May 23, around 8 a.m.

For the 35 years or so that Puʻu ʻŌʻō was active, there was a kind of balance between the summit reservoir and the location or elevation where Puʻu ʻŌʻō erupted. There was sort of a symbiotic relationship with the summit and Puʻu ʻŌʻō. Now, that new vent system is located almost at sea level, said Brantley. "So the whole system has to adjust to some sort of new balance. And until that balance is reached or something else changes, we expect magma to continue moving from the summit reservoir into the rift zone and further down into the lower east rift zone.
"That suggests that we are in it for the long haul. We don't know how long this eruptions is going to last. But for now it looks like it's just going to continue and we take it day by day."

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Fissure 6 has built up a berm across Pohoiki Road. USGS photo

THE FISSURE FROM KĪLAUEA VOLCANO, which is sending S02 into Kaʻū, became more active this week. USGS scientist Steve Brantley told a community meeting in Pāhoa yesterday: "That's pretty obvious to everybody here because of the additional lava that's on the surface... with that much more lava on the surface, it's able to pour across the ground and it had reached the ocean. And depending on which vent is active and producing most of the flow, the lava flows will create a new path, they've spread apart, they've merged and then they've spread apart again.
On Monday, there were two ocean entries. Later in the day there was only one. All day Tuesday, there was only one." Per the USGS website, today at noon there was still only one ocean entry.
Brantley said it is hard and confusing to track all the vents, since there are so many. The most productive vent is number 22, generating most of the lava and created the lava flow that winds down to the ocean.
Tuesday, Fissures 6 and 15, which are close together, started to head toward the south.
Fissure 17 is the most downrift part of the intrusion of magma just below ground. He said that the area is stable and that there is no evidence that the magma has moved further downrift and forced the rift apart. ther fissures became active again this week in the middle of Leilani Estates.

Map of current flows and fissures. See explanation, below. USGS map

Brantley talked about the changing chemistry of the lava that's erupting from the East Rift Zone.
"One thing that's clear is that more magma's coming to the surface now than earlier in the eruption sequence." He pointed to a map with all of the fissures represented by dots (see map, above).

Lava channel emerging from Fissure 22 - not visible, but far right of center.

The lava is flowing downhill, from right to left, in the photo. USGS Photo

The green dots represent the type of lava that was probably stored in the rift zone for decades before it came out and erupted at the surface. "That lava presumably was forced up to the surface as magma moved down the East Rift Zone, pushed its way into the Lower East Rift Zone, and forced that magma to the surface."
Brantley pointed to fissure 16, and said that the fissures, indicated by red dots in the above map, started to show lava with a difference: a mixture of the old magma and the newer lava that originated higher in the rift zone, from Puʻu ʻŌʻō and perhaps the summit at Halemaʻumaʻu. "Now we are seeing the fresh stuff coming up to the surface." The new lava is hotter, less viscous, more fluid and voluminous. Where the lava flows depends on the locations of the fissures.
So far, most of the lava has flowed away from Puna Geothermal plant, away from Highway 132 to the south, and into the ocean, he said.
See the video here: http://www.bigislandvideonews.com/2018/05/23/video-scientist-gives-puna-eruption-presentation/

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KAʻŪ RESIDENTS WITNESSING ASHFALL ARE URGED TO REPORT IT. USGS scientists want to know when ashfall arrives, and if predicted ashfall does not arrive. USGS also asks for residents to collect ash to send to USGS for study. Get the details at http://hawaiiash.science/ashreport.php
The explosive eruptions sending the ash Kaʻū's way have also widened Halemaʻumaʻu crater. According to USGS reports, the first ash plume rose from the crater May 9 from possible rockfall. Last Thursday, an eruption threw ash some 30,000 feet above sea level, apparently enlarging Halemaʻumaʻu crater from 12 to 34 acres. See an illustration here: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/maps_uploads/image-438.gif.

Another ash explosion from Halemaʻumaʻu today at 3:20 p.m. USGS photo

On Saturday, an ash explosion reached 10,000 feet. Last night a little after 10 p.m., another explosive eruption sent ash 8,000 to 9,000 feet up. There have been multiple ash eruptions every day since the 15th, and the ash drifts with the wind. Currently, most ashfall from these events is reaching Pāhala and places further southwest of the summit.

Scientists predict that the eruptions could last for weeks, or longer, before Kīlauea Volcano possibly settles down. Risks are breathing the ash and, near the caldera, rocks that fly out of the crater. Boulders as large as small cars could be thrown a half mile from the crater vent, scientists reason. In 1924, violent explosions lasted two weeks.

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SO2 REACHED A READING OF UNHEALTHY for sensitive groups in Pāhala from 12:15 a.m. through 6:15 a.m., and again from 7:30 a.m. through 8:45 a.m. Ocean View experienced short spikes of unhealthy for sensitive groups at 2:30 a.m. and 7:30 a.m. Both monitoring locations showed mostly good levels otherwise. Kona has shown good since midnight.

Air Quality Index last reported levels at 1 p.m. Pāhala was good at 34. Both Ocean View – at 87 – and Kona – at 97 – were shown as moderate.

See AirNow. See Hawaiʻi Short Term SO2 Advisory. Also see the University of Hawaiʻi air quality predictions on its VMAP.

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ASH MASKS WILL BE DISTRIBUTED AT OCEAN VIEW COMMUNITY CENTER, Nāʻālehu Community Center, Pāhala Community Center, Cooper Center, and Shipman Gym in Keaʻau. Distribution will be "while supplies last" today, Thursday, and Friday from 3:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m., and Saturday, May 26, from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Each person may receive up to three masks.

Ron Gall, President of Ocean View Community Association, and Hawaiʻi County Civil Defense remind residents that ash masks do not provide protection from S02 and other gasses. The masks do protect against ash and other particulates, which are moving through Kaʻū from Kīlauea Volcano as winds blow this way.

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A PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN OF COFFEE WORKERS, Keiki O Palehua ʻOhana, organized by the Kaʻū Coffee industry and broader community, will hold a board meeting at the Multipurpose Room of Kaʻū District Gym this Saturday, May 26, from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. The group will discuss setting up a program for the children of farm workers. The organization attempts to address such issues as child care when coffee workers are on the job, according to spokesperson Laura Diaz. She can be contacted at laura@ldomarket.com.

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CRUISE SHIPS WILL SOON RETURN TO HAWAI`I ISLAND, stated Ross Birch of Hawaiʻi Island Visitor Bureau today. Birch said cruise ships will return to Kona on May 30, and Hilo on June 6. The cancellation of cruise ships since the beginning of ashfall from Kīlauea has cost the island economy more than one million dollars, according to the bureau.

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Yellow ʻōhiʻa lehua in Kahuku. NPS/DavidBoyle photo

KAHUKU UNIT IS NOW OPEN FIVE DAYS A WEEK, Wednesday through Sunday, 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park’s Kahuku Unit, located about an hour’s drive south of the park’s main entrance, added extra days after two-thirds of the park closed on May 11 due to increased volcanic hazards. Visitors will be able to get a new Kahuku stamp in their NPS Passport Books, states the release.

“Park rangers and volunteers from the Kīlauea section will join Kahuku rangers in welcoming visitors to the southernmost section of Hawai‘i VolcanoesNational Park. Located on the slopes of Mauna Loa, visitors can explore the wide expanse of the volcano’s 1868 lava flow, beautiful native forest and historic pasturelands on foot.

“Hawai‘i Pacific Parks Association, the park’s non-profit partner, offers fun, educational merchandise and other items that support the park and foster lifelong connections. Visitors can pick up hiking medallions, geology books and guides, park logo pins, vintage-style Hawai‘i Volcanoes hoodies and much more.”

Staff Aloha and Rochel with merchandise in Kahuku. NPS photo

Free guided hikes and programs are also available. Informal “Coffee Talk” conversations are held the last Friday of most months, from 9:30 a.m. to 11 a.m. Ka‘ū coffee, tea, and pastries are available for purchase. This Friday, May 25, Keoni Keanu Fox will talk story about Waikapuna, an ancient fishing village and important cultural resource of Ka‘ū. See below for more details about this event.

Two guided hikes are offered this weekend - see below for more details.

Keep up with Kahuku events and visit the calendar on the park website, https://www.nps.gov/havo/planyourvisit/kahuku-hikes.htm.

Enter the Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i VolcanoesNational Park on the mauka (inland) side of Highway 11 near mile marker 70.5. The Kahuku Unit is located in Ka‘ū, and is about an hour’s drive south of the park’s main entrance. Sturdy footwear, water, raingear, sun protection, and a snack are recommended for all hikes. Entrance and all programs are free.

See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

THURSDAY, MAY 24

FRIDAY, MAY 25

Memorial Day Lei - Arts & Crafts, Fri, May 25, 2-3pm, Kahuku Park, H.O.V.E. For all ages. Register May 21-25. Free. Teresa Anderson, 929-9113, hawaiicounty.gov/pr-recreation

SATURDAY, MAY 26

HIDEM's Hawai‘i State Convention, Sat & Sun, May 26 & 27, Hilton Waikoloa. hawaiidemocrats.org

SUNDAY, MAY 27

MONDAY, MAY 28

TUESDAY, MAY 29

Ka‘ū Food Pantry, Tue, May 29, 11:30-1pm, St. Jude's Episcopal Church in Ocean View.

WEDNESDAY, MAY 30

Kōkua Kupuna Project, Wed, May 30, 9-11am, St. Jude's Episcopal Church, Ocean View. Seniors 60 years & older encouraged to attend, ask questions, and inquire about services offered through Legal Aid Society of Hawai‘i - referral required from Hawai‘i County Office of Aging at 961-8626 for free legal services. Under 60, call 1-800-499-4302. More info: tahisha.despontes@legalaidhawaii.org, 329-3910 ext. 925. legalaidhawaii.org

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Ku‘i Kalo Demonstration, Wed, May 30, 10-noon, Kīlauea Visitor Center lānai, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Make poi, staple food of traditional Hawaiian diet. Free; park entrance fees apply. nps.gov/HAVO

Summer Learn-To-Swim Registration, Wed & Thu, May 30 & 31, 1-4pm, Pāhala Swimming Pool (Ka‘ū High School Campus). hawaiicounty.gov/pr-aquatics/, 928-8177

NEW & UPCOMING

WAIKAPUNA: A WAHI PANA (TREASURED PLACE) OF KAʻŪ Coffee Talk at Kahuku Unit of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, Friday, May 25, 9:30 a.m. to 11 a.m.

The release from the park says: Wahi pana? Waikapuna is certainly that. It was an ancient fishing village and an important historic and cultural resource of Kaʻū. Located makai of Nāʻālehu, it has one of the largest native coastal dune systems, a large sandy bay, tidepools, onshore and below sea level springs, and sea caves which are homes to colonies of nesting seabirds. It houses significant sections of the original Ala Kahakai and numerous archeological sites.

Presenter Keoni Keanu Fox, a lineal descendant of Waikapuna and a representative of the Ala Kahakai Trail Association, will talk about the cultural, historical and environmental treasures of this special place.

Coffee Talk at Kahuku “is an opportunity to get to know your Park and your neighbors,” and join in an informal conversation on a wide variety of topics. It is presented on the last Friday of the month at 9:30 AM. Kaʻū coffee, tea and pastries will be available for purchase. Kahuku Unit is located south of the 70.5 mile marker on the mauka side of Hwy. 11, and is remaining open with extended days during the partial park closure: Wed through Sun, 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

A proposed location for the new Nāʻālehu Wastewater Treatment Facility is next to Nāʻālehu Elementary School. It would serve the former sugar camp housing
- which currently use gang cesspools, which are banned nationally. The facility would be expandable for growth of the town and for use by existing businesses.
However, most testimony at meetings in April and yesterday's County Council meeting opposed the location. See story below.
Map from County of Hawaiʻi

AN ASH EXPLOSION AT 6 P.M. FROM KĪLAUEA SUMMIT REACHED 10,000 FEET above sea level. Civil Defense warned that ash could be headed toward Pāhala and urged residents to stay indoors with windows closed. Close vehicle windows and "drive with extreme caution, or pull over." Strong winds at ground level during the afternoon were down to 10 mph by 7 p.m. in Volcano and Pāhala. These winds could bring the ash to Pāhala at about 9 p.m., unless carried faster by any stronger winds at higher altitudes.
About a dozen ash explosions are erupting from Halema‘uma‘u at the summit of Kīlaeua Volcano every day, said Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park's Jessica Ferracane to the press today. Not all the explosions achieve a great height, but many have been between 5,000 and 8,000 feet above sea level. The highest since the eruptions began was 30,000 feet.
Ashley Sears of NOAA told the press the prevailing winds this week were strongest today, with gusts up to 25 miles per hour possible. The winds headed to the southwest, blasting Wood Valley, Kapapala Ranch, and Pāhala with ash. The winds picked up ash that had settled on the Kaʻū Desert and transported it further. Ash from the streets, buildings, and grounds in Pāhala blew around the town.

The ash plume as it happened, at 6:30 p.m., then ten minutes later. USGS photos

USGS scientist Wendy Stovall said the summit of Kīlaeua Volcano was very cloudy today, but photos taken from atop Mauna Kea recorded plumes rising to between 6,000 and 8,000 feet above sea level in the past day or so. There was also a 3.9 magnitude earthquake at the summit yesterday at around 5 p.m., she said.
USGS scientist Jim Kauahikaua told Hawai‘i News Now today that the S02 levels at the summit, with its multiple eruptions, has reached similar levels to those in Puna.
State Senator and physician Josh Green, who represents west Kaʻū and Kona, told the Associated Press recently that ash particles are an immediate risk, particularly to anyone with asthma and other respiratory difficulties such as emphysema. They should limit exposure. “People need to stay inside until the winds shift and the ash has settled,” he told the AP reporter. “Extended exposure to sulfur dioxide can increase risk of bronchitis and upper respiratory infections in the long run, according to findings of a study Green worked on with other experts published in 2010 in the Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health,” stated the AP story.

A telephoto lens zoomed in on this ash plume at 12:55 p.m. yesterday, May 23.
USGS photo by D. Swanson

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AIR QUALITY INDEX from Air Now at 4 p.m. showed good for Pāhala at 24, and moderate for Ocean View at 77. Kona read as moderate with 52. Numbers were again unavailable when checked at 5 p.m.
SO2 readings since midnight in Pāhala varied between good and unhealthy for sensitive groups, with the largest spike at 10:15 a.m. showing 0.36 parts per million. There were also several periods of no reporting. Ocean View was slightly better, but similar, with the largest spike at 11:30 a.m. showing 0.33 ppm. Kona remains in the good range.
Volcano S02 readings, which are upwind from the ash explosions were reported as good.

See AirNow. See Hawaiʻi Short Term SO2 Advisory. Also see the University of Hawaiʻi air quality predictions on its VMAP.

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ALL TESTIMONY OPPOSED A NĀʻĀLEHU WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT NEXT TO THE SCHOOL at Tuesday's Hawaiʻi County Council meeting.
Robert Martin, chair of Nāʻālehu Elementary School Community Council, testified against the site, on behalf of the school council. “Surely there are other sites,” he said. Martin said he was also speaking for other community members who attended county public meetings on the issue in April: “We urge County Council and Department of Environmental Management to choose a better site for the Nāʻālehu Wastewater Treatment Plant, and also possibly better technology.” He said he and others oppose the county acquiring ranch land for the site which is owned by a local family. “I also want to say that I stand with the Souza family, and we really would not like to see the Souza family lose their land by eminent domain to construct a large wastewater treatment plant immediately upwind from our school.”

The Souza family owns land where the county could site the sewage
treatment plant, but opposes the location next to the school and
says they want to keep the land for their family ranch.
Photo from the Souza family

Darlene Javar, who identified herself as a “life resident of Kaʻū” and Principal of Nāʻālehu Elementary School, said she was there “to oppose the location of the wastewater treatment plant directly next to the school. Nāʻālehu Elementary School services approximately 400 students, we have approximately 75 employees. There are only two public schools in our district. Nāʻālehu Elementary is the primary feeder to Kaʻū High & Pāhala Elementary School.

“Any adverse effect that could be related to this treatment plant right here could have long-term impact on our community… So, we’re not just looking at our Nāʻālehu school, but all of the children of Kaʻū. We service children and families from Ocean View to Nāʻālehu, and all of the different communities in between.

“I understand the need for this facility. I am urging that budget be appropriate, to find a better location, for the best technology, etc. Please reconsider and carefully look at your planning so a more appropriate location is selected.”

John Olson of Pāhoa, who is on the Environmental Management Commission Board, stated the discussion for the site has been on the agenda, and will be discussed again May 23 - see more in tomorrow's Kaʻū News Briefs. He stated he and a few others on the board had concerns about the placement of the treatment plant so close to the school. Olson said he had experienced similar positioning at Lanikai Elementary with the Kailua Wastewater Treatment Plant – “which was directly upwind” - on Oʻahu: “I can quite easily see – visualize and smell – how this could go wrong.”

Tina Tuttle stated she was testifying on behalf of her grandson Daniel McDowell, who goes to Nāʻālehu Elementary. She produced a picture of Daniel pointing to his classroom, on the other side of the school from where the treatment plant is proposed to be located. “I have real concerns about this,” said Tuttle. “I just hope they can find a better place to build the plant.”

Daniel McDowell points to the school at an April meeting on the Nāʻālehu
Wastewater Treatment proposal. Both his great grandmother and
grandmother testified yesterday against putting the facility next to
Nāʻālehu Elementary School. Photo from McDowell family

Sandra Demoruelle, great-grandmother to Daniel, spoke next, “on the budget that plans to spend $20 million dollars on the Nāʻālehu Wastewater system. She said, “It seems totally pointless to put in such a large facility for 80,000 gallons of wastewater a day.” She noted that the treatment plant would create “four lagoons right beside the Nāʻālehu School.”

Demoruelle spoke of the lava “forcing property tax hikes,” and that budget concerns should be looking at “projects like this that are oversized and unneeded in the community. We only needed something like a sewage septic system conversion, which was exactly what happened at Pāhala at the senior citizen’s home: for $430,000, according to the budget, the county has converted one set of LCCs. What we do need in Kaʻū is public participation – I think that is the more basic issue here. We’ve been lacking any opportunity for our area to have meaningful input, as we should under the Hawaiʻi and Environmental Protection statutes.”

Demoruelle said the input should also be ongoing and that “we should not have them come out just once and sell us a project where we have a picture such as this one,” referencing the picture of her grandson Daniel.

John Masters, “born and raised right here in Nāʻālehu,” owner of Kaʻū Auto Repair and Towing, and “the proud father of six children who attend our schools here,” spoke next. “I feel that the location of the wastewater treatment plant is going to do a lot more effect on the community as a whole, rather than just the school. It’s directly upwind from our entire community here.” He said, “There’s a lot of land and a lot of other locations that would be optimal for the location of this plant. Right along the highway and kicking the Souza’s out ain’t the best deal for us as a community, for the Souza’s – for anyone.

“It’s a beautiful area here, and to put that right along the highway – you think our tourist industry’s going to like it much? I don’t. You go past the treatment center to the most beautiful lookout in the world,” referring to Palina Pali overlook to Honuʻapo. Masters said he didn’t want to leave Nāʻālehu looking at a “crap plant, excuse my language,” and said there were “thousands of acres” of land to look at for the location of the facility that were not “upwind of our community.”

Community members met with county representatives at three public
meetings last month to present the type of treatment system and
proposed siting, and to take public input. Photo by Julia Neal

Rick Porter, a Kaʻū resident whose wife teaches preschool at Nāʻālehu Elementary, stated he does not feel the location is appropriate: “It’s on the wrong side of prevailing winds. The school would be absolutely subjected to the smells from the plant.

“The plant itself will probably be producing hydrogen sulfide from the sludge that is stored there. This is a very dangerous gas – it’s is the same gas they are worried about when a geothermal plant is shooting out in an uncontrolled situation. It’s a colorless gas that would not be appropriate for children to smell.

“It also would encompass part of the Maka Hiki grounds, which are culturally sensitive grounds to the people of Kaʻū, which I believe are county-owned right now.”

Porter also said “threatening” of the use of eminent domain to acquire the Souza property would be “the worse thing the county could do,” would hurt the county in future situations, and that eminent domain was typically “a last resort.” He said he agreed with Masters, that there were many other places that would be more appropriate locations for the facility.

Charles Tuttle spoke as the last testifier. He said he had been a student of Nāʻālehu Elementary, with one grandchild presently attending the school, and another going to attend in future. Tuttle said he “strongly” opposes the plant, “as it will impact the kids, and it will impact the entire town of Nāʻālehuwith that location.” He also said there are “lots of other locations.”
See more in tomorrow's Kaʻū News Briefs.

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Central Pacific Hurricane Center made its predictions yesterday, three to six storms in 2018. NOAA image

HURRICANE SEASON BEGINS JUNE 1 and the Central Pacific Hurricane Center predicts three to six tropical cyclones. The NOAA Central Pacific Hurricane Center announced yesterday an 80-percent chance of near- or above-normal tropical cyclone activity during the Central Pacific hurricane season this year, which lasts through November 30.
The 2018 outlook indicates equal chances of an above-normal and near-normal season at 40 percent each, and a 20-percent chance of a below-normal season.
The three to six tropical cyclones predicted for the Central Pacific hurricane basin include tropical depressions, named storms, and hurricanes. A near-normal season has three to five tropical cyclones, and an above-normal season has six or more tropical cyclones.
“This outlook reflects the forecast for ENSO neutral conditions, with a possible transition to a weak El Niño during the hurricane season. Also, ocean temperatures in the main hurricane formation region are expected to remain above-average, and vertical wind shear is predicted to be near- or weaker-than-average,” said Gerry Bell, Ph.D., NOAA’s lead seasonal hurricane forecaster at the Climate Prediction Center. Bell added, “If El Niño develops, the activity could be near the higher end of the predicted range.”

Three hurricanes that affected Hawaiʻi's weather in 2014. This year, NOAA predicts three to six tropical cyclones.
Image from NOAA

El Niño decreases the vertical wind shear over the tropical central Pacific, which favors more and stronger tropical cyclones. El Niño also favors more westward-tracking storms from the eastern Pacific into the central Pacific.
This outlook is a general guide to the overall seasonal hurricane activity in the central Pacific basin and does not predict whether or how many of these systems will affect Hawaiʻi.
“It is very important to remember that it only takes one landfalling tropical cyclone to bring major impacts to the State of Hawaiʻi,” said Chris Brenchley, director of NOAA’s Central Pacific Hurricane

Hurricane Anna brought flooding to Wood Valley in 2014.
Photo by Julia Neal

Center. “As we begin this 2018 hurricane season, we advise all residents to make preparations now, by having and practicing an emergency plan and by having 14 days of emergency supplies on hand that will be needed if a hurricane strikes.”
The Central Pacific Hurricane Center continuously monitors weather conditions, employing a network of satellites, land- and ocean-based sensors, and aircraft reconnaissance missions operated by NOAA and its partners. This array of data supplies the information for complex computer modeling and human expertise, which are the basis for the center’s storm track and intensity forecasts that extend out five days.
Check the Central Pacific Hurricane Center’s website throughout the season to stay on top of any watches and warnings, and visit FEMA’s Ready.gov for additional hurricane preparedness tips.
The seasonal hurricane outlook is produced in collaboration with NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center.

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TWO ISLANDWIDE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE budgets were discussed at yesterday's County Council meeting. One draft of Bill 111 proposed $190.9 million for 39 public improvement projects to be constructed through the end of fiscal year 2023-24, but funded during the 2018-19 fiscal year. To pay for the projects, $114.6 million would be be funded in whole or part by bonds, $75.2 million by the state revolving loan fund or state capital improvement projects, $1 million by fair share contributions, and $160,000 by federal funds.
The second draft calls for 46 projects costing $205.1 million. To pay for them, $126.1 million would be funded in whole or part by bonds, $77.3 million by the state revolving loan fund or state capital improvement projects, $1.25 million by fair share contributions, $380,000 by federal funds, and $65,000 by private grants.

Council member Maile David introduced both budgets by request - which does not indicate her support or opposition - with amendments added by other council members. David moved and Council Member Dru Kanuha seconded the approval of the $205.1 million Capital Improvements budget. The recommendation goes for a final vote to the County Council June 6.

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DONATIONS FOR VICTIMS OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITY are welcomed by both branches of Credit Union Hawaiʻi in Kaʻū - one in Nāʻālehu, one in Pāhala. The donations are particularly for victims in Puna, where some 2,000 residents have been displaced by lava flows and toxic air.
CU Hawaiʻi “wants to help our Puna Community, in their time of need,” states a release from the community owned financial institution.

“To kokua our Puna ʻOhana, all CU Hawaiʻi branch locations will be accepting monetary donations to help with this much needed cause. All monies will be donated to Hawaiʻi Community Foundation's Hawaiʻi Island Volcano Recovery fund.”

The Pāhala Branch is open on Fridays from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m.
The Nāʻālehu Branch is open Monday through Thursday, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.; Friday, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.; and Saturday, 8:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.
Keaʻau is open Monday through Friday, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Pāhoa, Hilo main, and Kona branches are open Monday through Friday, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and Saturdays from 9 a.m. to noon. Hilo Puainako is open Monday through Friday, 7:30 a.m. to 6 p.m. and Saturdays from 1 a.m. to 1:30 p.m.
See more information on the Hawaiʻi Community Foundation and the Hawaiʻi Island Volcano Recovery Fund.

See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

FRIDAY, MAY 25

Memorial Day Lei - Arts & Crafts, Fri, May 25, 2-3pm, Kahuku Park, H.O.V.E. For all ages. Register May 21-25. Free. Teresa Anderson, 929-9113, hawaiicounty.gov/pr-recreation

SATURDAY, MAY 26

HIDEM's Hawai‘i State Convention, Sat & Sun, May 26 & 27, Hilton Waikoloa. hawaiidemocrats.org

Nature & Culture: An Unseverable Relationship, Sat, May 26, 9:30-11:30am, Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Moderate guided hike along the Palm Trail, approx. 2 miles. Learn

about native plants that play a vital role in Hawaiian culture, and observe the catastrophic change and restoration of the land as it transitions from the 1868 lava flow to deeper soils with more diversity and older flora. Free. nps.gov/HAVO

SUNDAY, MAY 27

MONDAY, MAY 28

TUESDAY, MAY 29

Ka‘ū Food Pantry, Tue, May 29, 11:30-1pm, St. Jude's Episcopal Church in Ocean View.

WEDNESDAY, MAY 30

Summer Learn-To-Swim Registration, Wed & Thu, May 30 & 31, 1-4pm, Pāhala Swimming Pool (Ka‘ū High School Campus). hawaiicounty.gov/pr-aquatics/, 928-8177

THURSDAY, MAY 31

VA Medical Services, Thursdays, May 31, 8:30-noon, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

Summer Learn-To-Swim Registration, Thu, May 31, 1-4pm, Pāhala Swimming Pool (Ka‘ū High School Campus). hawaiicounty.gov/pr-aquatics/, 928-8177

NEW & UPCOMING

23rd ANNUAL KONA CLASSIC JACKPOT - Classic Fishing Tournament Series is Friday through Sunday, June 1 through 3, at Honokōhau Club House in Kona. All profits go towards marine conservation and youth educational programs in and around Miloli‘i. $300 entry fee, 4 people per boat - $25 per additional person. Modified Jungle rules.

Cash prizes range from $100 to $3,000. Qualifying weights: Marlin, 100lbs; Ahi, 50lbs; Mahi, 15lbs; Ono, 15lbs. Grand Prize qualifies winner for Las Vegas Trip.

Upcoming tournaments are 1st Annual Hawaiian Wicked Tuna Jackpot Series, July 20-22, and Miloli‘i Classic, Aug 31-Sept 2.

Contact Wilfred Kaupiko, 896-6272, kalanihale@gmail.com. Sponsored by Kalanihale, a non-profit comprised of ten-pus generation descendants. The goals of the organization are to increase community participation in cultural activities, increase fish stocks, and promote community cohesion, “made achievable by hula protocol as a vessel to view… the world from a local perspective inundated with cultural pieces that transmits to all other Hawaiian practices,” states the release. See more at kalanihale.org

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Repose by Randall Shiroma.
Photo from volcanoartcenter.org

SCULPTURES PRESENTATION WITH RANDALL SHIROMA is offered on Thursday, May 31, from 7 p.m. to 8 p.m., announces Volcano Art Center. The Thursday Night at the Center program features Shiroma’s outdoor public works within the state.
The once-a-month Thursday night series at the Volcano Art Center, focuses on art, Hawaiian culture and the environment. The series is intended to inspire and enhance appreciation of art and life experience, while fostering community connections.
The event is free, although a $5 donation to Volcano Art Center is suggested. For more information, call 967-8222 or visit volcanoartcenter.org.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

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The U.S. Army, Hawaiʻi National Guard and other military units are on hand near the lava and at their airstrip
in Hilo to help evacuate residents by Marine helicopters when needed. Photo by Daryl Lee/Big Island Video News

EIGHTY-TWO STRUCTURES DESTROYED is the total in lower Puna, reported by Hawaiʻi News Now today, as fast moving pāhoehoe takes over more of Leilani Estates with fountaining, lava lakes, and lava flows heading into the ocean 3 miles downslope. Hawaiian Volcano Observatory reported lava coming from fissures at 60 cubic feet per second. With 2,200 acres covered by lava in 22 days, more than 2,000 people have evacuated their homes in lower Puna.
The U.S. Marine Corps is standing by to help evacuate more with Super Stallion helicopters. They would be needed if the lava keeps coming, blocks off remaining escape routes, and puts people in danger.
Brig. General Richard Hara said today that the addition of the Marines "provides the County of Hawaiʻi and Hawaiʻi’s Joint Task Force-50 tremendous capability. We now have the capacity to evacuate all of the estimated population of lower Puna south of the lava flow within a few hours.”
The helicopters are able to lift 33,000 pounds, carrying 43 passengers at a time. The helicopters would be used should lava cross Hwy 130 and cut off access to residents in Kalapana and other lower Puna communites. Civil Defense reports that portions of Highway 130 have widening cracks, are hot from below, and there is steam in some areas.

Lava fountains built a small spatter cone where lava spilled out onto the surface and flowed

into a small pond left of the cone this morning. USGS photo

In Leilani Estates, where lava is very active, Hawai`i County Fire Department went door to door today to make sure the last residents were evacuated as lava took houses in the neighborhoods of Kaupili, Mohala, and Kahukai Streets. Civil Defense issued the warning at 2:30 p.m., saying Fissures 7 and 21 are “feeding a perched lava pond and pāhoehoe flow heading east.”
At 6 p.m., Civil Defense stated Mohala Street is no longer accessible due to the flow that has crossed Kahukai Street. Civil Defense recomended: “Talk to your families now about the possibility of active eruptions being a long-term event and how you might plan for these impacts.”

During a press conference this morning at 11 a.m., Wendy Stovall of USGS said a “14 meter high lava pond is perched above Pohoiki Road,” but the flow front was not moving rapidly forward. “Things are pretty steady,” said Stovall of the Lower East Rift Zone, stating lava continues to erupt from multiple fissures, with two channels entering the ocean today. Seismicity and deformation remain “steady.”

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

SO2 POOLING DOWNWIND from volcanic emissions is possible this weekend as trade winds are expected to slow down. Civil Defense reports that hazardous air quality and decreased visibility are likely near active volcano fissures and ash explosions, along with decreased visibility and hazardous air quality, with pooling of S02 downwind.
A 4.0 earthquake at Kīlauea summit at 12:44 p.m. signaled more quakes and ash plumes to come.
Numerous other quakes above 3.0 continued to shake the Volcano community.

Ash masks will be distributed at Pāhala Community Center, Nāʻālehu Community Center, Ocean View Community Center, Cooper Center in Volcano, and Shipman Gym in Keaʻau. Distribution will be "while supplies last" today until 7:30 p.m., and Saturday, May 26, from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Each person may receive up to three masks.

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A 4.0 EARTHQUAKE RATTLED VOLCANO at 12:44 p.m., with a 3.7 quake following at 12:51 p.m. Nearly 200 quakes have occurred at and around Kīlauea summit in the last day. More than 30 of the quakes have been 3.0 or larger, all at less than 5 km deep. Civil Defense states there is no tsunami threat from any of them.

During today’s press conference at 11 a.m., Wendy Stovall of USGS said seismic rates at the summit are still “high,” with 1.3 meters of subsidence deformation reported today. Ash explosions from Halemaʻumaʻu are occurring “a little bit more than one per day,” she said, with mostly water vapor mixed with some ash being expelled on an almost continual basis. She said many communities downwind are reporting ashfall.

Halemaʻumaʻu today, May 25, at 4:20 p.m. Ash and water vapor are distinctive. USGS photo

Ashley Sears of NOAA said winds continue to blow southwest, which will direct ash to the communities that are downwind, such as Pāhala, Nāʻālehu, Ocean View, and more.

Jessica Ferracane of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park said she went to the summit today, where she experienced lots of small quakes which were “very unsettling.” She said the air is “quite chewy” from ash, and that SO2 is not showing up much on the monitoring.

Ferracane addressed the ongoing two-thirds park closure, saying the closure will continue “until USGS - and Pele - tell us it is safe to reopen.”

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FREE SOIL AND WATER TESTING FOR THOSE AFFECTED BY VOLCANIC EMISSIONS are offered by University of Hawaiʻi's Cooperative Extension Service. Agent Andrea Kawabta reports: "If you are from the vog affected areas in Puna, Volcano, Pāhala, Ocean View, and are concerned about lead in catchment water and/or heavy metals in soil, the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources will be conducting water and soil testing free of charge. You can submit samples for testing by the UH Agricultural Diagnostic Service Center through any Cooperative Extension Office. Funds are limited for these emergency services."

Diagnostic tests offered are for: Water for testing of pH (W1) and heavy metals (W4); and soil for testing of pH (S1) and heavy metals (S7). For a list of metals, visit: https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/site/downloads/adsc/price_list.pdf
More information about the affects of VOG on agricultural plants, water systems, and livestock can be found the CTAHR's website at https://cms.ctahr.hawaii.edu/ER.
For plants and VOG, see https://vog.ivhhn.org/effects-plants. For protecting water systems, see https://vog.ivhhn.org/catchment-systems
For information about SO2 levels and wind movement, see https://vog.ivhhn.org/catchment-systems. Also see https://vog.ivhhn.org/current-air-quality, and https://vog.ivhhn.org/vog-fact-sheets
For ash hazards, see https://vog.ivhhn.org/summit-ash-hazards
For personal protection from VOG, see https://vog.ivhhn.org/health-effects-vog and
https://vog.ivhhn.org/vog-protection.

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DANGEROUS “METHANE” EXPLOSIONS from lava covering vegetation is the subject of this week’s Volcano Watch, a weekly article and activity update written by U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists and affiliates:

Molten lava plus vegetation can create hazardous explosions.

Numerous hazards are associated with active lava flows, and USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists have written about many of them in past Volcano Watcharticles. However, it’s been a while since one particular hazard - so-called “methane explosions” - has been addressed.

With lava now advancing through lush vegetation along Kīlauea Volcano’s lower East Rift Zone, these explosions have become a concern. Today’s article draws from a prior Volcano Watch to describe the hazard and to remind folks about its danger.

When molten lava encroaches on grassland, forests, or other vegetated land,
subsurface pockets of natural gas from the burning plant material can ignite,
causing a blast known as a “methane explosion.” To avoid this hazard, keep a
safe distance - at least tens of yards - from the margin of
an active lava flow in vegetated areas. USGS photo

Here’s the fact: If you approach a lava flow that’s encroaching on vegetation, you risk being greeted by the blast of an explosion.
Depending on how close you are to the advancing flow, your experience could range from hearing a far-away “boom,” to being thrown several meters (yards) across hard, abrasive lava as the ground beneath you disintegrates. Regardless of where you're standing, the sound of these explosions is a call for your respect!

As a lava flow enters grassland or forest, all the biomass in the flow's path becomes available for one or both of two processes: combustion and/or pyrolysis. Here is an explaination:
Lava erupted at Kīlauea is around 1150 degrees Celsius (2100 degrees Fahrenheit) - about four times hotter than your kitchen oven's maximum temperature. Most natural materials on the ground surface, such as grasses and shrubs, are immediately burned up (combusted) as lava covers the area. But the bases of large trees are often encased in lava, charring the outside trunk, but not completely burning the inside.

When lava advances across the ground, surface vegetation either burns or is buried before it can combust. Intense heat from the lava flow also radiates downward and slowly “cooks” the buried vegetation or subsurface plant matter (for example, roots).

The lava temperature is high enough to accelerate chemical breakdown of biomass as it heats or distills the organic compounds (natural gas) from the buried grass, shrubs, ferns, roots, and other vegetation.

Watch a USGS video of ignited gasses burning from
underneath cracks in Kahukai Street on May 23.

A similar process - pyrolysis - cooks wood in large, very hot ovens to make charcoal and another fuel byproduct called "producer gas.” Commercially, the flammable producer gas is extracted and burned to generate heat or electricity.

On Kīlauea, both producer gas and the gas generated by the lava flow consist of a mixture that includes methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide.

Beneath molten lava, the gas mixture from “cooked” biomass invades subsurface passages, such as old lava tubes, and below ground cracks and voids. This natural gas, of which methane is just one component, combines with air in these empty spaces to form combustible gas pockets. Recall from high school science that the right proportions of fuel (such as methane), oxygen (such as air), and heat (such as a match), can make fire.

When the underground air-fuel mixture is between 5 and 15 volume-percent fuel, a spark - or heat from a lava flow - can ignite it. If ignition occurs in a constricted space, such as an underground void or old lava tube, an explosion might occur.

This is similar to what happens in a car's engine. As the air-fuel mixture is ignited in the confined space of the engine's cylinders, the energy released ultimately propels the vehicle down the road. Likewise, standing above a subsurface void when it explodes might also propel a person - upward - by the blast.

Natural gas explosions (often called “methane explosions”) can occur beneath an advancing lava flow, thereby throwing molten rock into the air, or beneath old lava, throwing boulders, up to a yard (several feet) in diameter, skyward. The combustible gas mixture can seep into void spaces tens of meters (yards) from the margin of a lava flow, so it’s important to stay well away from active lava that’s moving through vegetation - especially lush vegetation like that on Kīlauea’s lower East Rift Zone.

Lots of vegetation has now been covered by lava
in the Lower East Rift Zone. USGS photo

Subsurface natural gas can also seep passively to the surface. With heat from molten lava, methane can burn with blue flames - like those recently observed on and near the current lava flows.

Countless "methane explosions” have occurred during the past 35-plus years of Kīlauea’s ongoing eruption - and some have resulted in injuries to unwary spectators standing too close to hot lava on vegetated land. But it’s easy to avoid this hazard. Keep a safe distance - and respect any “booms.” They're trying to say something.

Visit HVO’s website (https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hvo) for past Volcano Watch articles, Kīlauea daily eruption updates, Mauna Loa weekly updates, volcano photos, maps, recent earthquake info, and more. Call for summary updates at 808-967-8862 (Kīlauea) or 808-967-8866 (Mauna Loa). Email questions to askHVO@usgs.gov.

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CRUISE SHIPS ARE HEADED FOR KONA BUT NOT HILO, stated Ross Birch of the Hawaiʻi Visitor Bureau today. Birch told press that May 30 is the expected first return of a cruise ship to Kona since the cancellations began, but that Hilo will be avoided for June and July. Cruise lines will continue to assess the situation.

Birch had some “good news” regarding island economics: May’s tourist arrival numbers are 25 percent higher than they were last year in May. The other side of that information is the year-to-date numbers are lower than 2017, as the first quarter was busier last year.

Ashley Sears of NOAA told press small businesses can call to inquire about disaster relief loans at 800-659-2955.

See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

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SATURDAY, MAY 26

HIDEM's Hawai‘i State Convention, Sat & Sun, May 26 & 27, Hilton Waikoloa. hawaiidemocrats.org

Nature & Culture: An Unseverable Relationship, Sat, May 26, 9:30-11:30am, Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Moderate guided hike along the Palm Trail, approx. 2 miles. Learn about native plants that play a vital role in Hawaiian culture, and observe the catastrophic change and restoration of the land as it transitions from the 1868 lava flow to deeper soils with more diversity and older flora. Free. nps.gov/HAVO

SUNDAY, MAY 27

MONDAY, MAY 28

TUESDAY, MAY 29

Ka‘ū Food Pantry, Tue, May 29, 11:30-1pm, St. Jude's Episcopal Church in Ocean View.

WEDNESDAY, MAY 30

Summer Learn-To-Swim Registration, Wed & Thu, May 30 & 31, 1-4pm, Pāhala Swimming Pool (Ka‘ū High School Campus). hawaiicounty.gov/pr-aquatics/, 928-8177

THURSDAY, MAY 31

VA Medical Services, Thursdays, May 31, 8:30-noon, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

Summer Learn-To-Swim Registration, Thu, May 31, 1-4pm, Pāhala Swimming Pool (Ka‘ū High School Campus). hawaiicounty.gov/pr-aquatics/, 928-8177

NEW & UPCOMING

FIFTH ANNUAL HARVEST FESTIVAL FUNDRAISER for The Volcano School of Arts & Sciences happens at Volcano Winery Sunday, September 9. Tickets go on sale August 1 at www.volcanowinery.com or (808) 967-7772. “This event always sells out early!” states the announcement. “Enjoy a festive evening of music, food, and wine under the stars at the Volcano Winery Harvest Festival, a Benefit for The Volcano School of Arts & Sciences on Sunday September 9th. Entertainment by The Young Brothers: Kiliona & Kalei Young, Orlando Smith; delicious food and drink from local restaurants; award-winning wine and tea from the Volcano Winery; and tours of the vineyards.”

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

Kaʻū High graduating seniors danced and sang for the community last night at their commencement ceremonies.
Photos by Julia Neal

FORTY ONE GRADUATING SENIORS at Kaʻū High School danced, sang, accepted diplomas and inspired people gathering in Pāhala on Friday. Outside the venue - which serves as the community and school gym, and regional disaster shelter - loomed the power of nature, an erupting Kilauea Volcano that sent ashfall after ashfall onto the campus and Kaʻū homes all week. The volcano goddess Madame Pele seemed to give the tiny town an afternoon into evening break - no ash masks for this activity. There was cleaner air and a good sky over Kaʻū as graduates sang out Daylight, their class song by Maroon 5.

Kevin Sun created poetry as the keynote
address at the Kaʻū High graduation on Saturday.

The keynote speaker, Kevin Sun, a recent teacher, now in graduate school at University of Chicago, had this to say about Kaʻū, its people, and its students:
When you hear the name Kaʻū, of what does it remind you? Black rock, vog that spews, black hole of hope behind you?

When you hear the name Kaʻū, how much does it move you? Ground you and sooth you, sound of the breeze that calms you.

When you hear the name Kaʻū, does it radiate light? Appreciation in flight, soaring in all its might.

It is dimmed in the dark? Its former glory peeling like bark, so many silent stories, leaving no mark.

When you hear the name Kaʻū, is it a faint and distant noise? Or is it loud and in your face, so close, you can almost taste.

Like the sulfur and ash in the sky, no matter how hard you try, the lungs strain, eyes burn and cry; but what happened when Phoenix birds die?

It's from the ash they are born into a landscape charred and torn, facing a foreign world, strange and forlorn, one resistant to change and full of scorn.

Now, when I hear the name Kaʻū, I think of this ash from which you rise. To me, it's no wonder and no surprise, how you could just might revolutionize the name Kaʻū and what it means to you.

But dreams of change are never 100 percent, they're alternate realities that minds invent, evaporating in thin air if you take no action or have no intent.

When you hear the narrative of Kaʻū, whether it's from outsiders or from you, do we often hear, "the grass is greener on the other side? And every strategy we've tried and tried."

The huge Kaʻū District Gym and disaster shelter hosted the celebration
for Kaʻū High's class of 2018 on Saturday.

When you hear the narrative of Kaʻū, Let me share with you a little tidbit. The grass is greener where you water it. Actions and strategies you must commit.

Years from now, when you have a kid or a few, how will this place look to you? For Hawaiʻi and for Kaʻū, tell me what you will do?

Will you say, "It's good enough?" Or will you say, "I've had enough" of complacent inaction, and underserved satisfaction.

Will you sigh and shrug your shoulders? And say these problems are immovable boulders? Or will you look them in the face, and say, "We will do better," without fear, not a trace.

Will you look away and make some excuse or be bold, let your activism run loose? And it might give some people a shock, the boldness of you, the people of this rock.

When I hear the name Kaʻū, I want the voice in my head to be you. Drowning out the echoes of doubt, establishing a narrative of great clout.

The entire student body, getting ready to receive their diplomas from
Principal Sharon Beck, left.

I'll remind you as I have before, you are powerful and you are strong. And anyone who doubts you, they are dead wrong.

So if you hope, in the ensuing years, not let the history of your people disappear. You must not have fear, and your determination clear.

Years from now, when you hear the name Kaʻū, know that people are already looking to you, to lead Hawaiʻi and Kaʻū, what will you do?

Know that we are so proud of you, so this is one more congratulations, I known that we can count on you.

Most of the students knew Sun as their teacher, and many are going off to college with hope and scholarships.

Ezra James Ramones wants to return
as a teacher. He's headed to U.H.
Manoa on Oʻahu.

Valedictorian Rowlie John Flores
heads to Georgetown University.

Rowlie John Flores is the Valedictorian and will attend Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. He is Summa Cum Laude, a member of the National Honor Society, earned the Real Trojan Award, Academic Honors, and CTE Honors. He earned a Foodland's Shop for Higher Education Scholarship, Georgetown Aid & Scholarship, Harry McKee Scholarship Foundation Scholarship, Hawaiʻi Community Federal Credit Union - Mitsugi Inaba College Scholarship, and a Mamoru Takitani Foundation Scholarship. He also earned the Salute to the Graduates-Scholastic award and was named Principal Scholar-Athlete of the Year.

Ezra James Ramones plans to attend University of Hawaiʻi and return to become a teacher. He earned Maga Cum Laude and Academic Honors, is a member of the National Honor Society and an SBG Officer.

Malie Ibarra will attend University of Hawaiʻi-Hilo.

Mark Galacio is Cum Laude, an SBG Officer and earned a Real Trojan Award. He earned a scholarship from Pāhala Filipino Community Association.

Malie Ibarra is Cum Laude, in the National Honor Society, earned a Real Trojan Award and CTE Honors. She received a scholarship from Citizen Award, Harry McKee Scholarship Foundation, and ʻO Kaʻū Kākou. She also received the Salute to the Graduates-Literary & Artistic Performance Award and was named Principal Scholar-Athlete of the Year.

Dacy Davis Andrade earned a B Plus State Scholarship, is Magna Cum Laude, won a Real Trojan Award and CTE Honors.
Hayden Hanshaw is Suma Cum Laude and in the National Honor Society. She earned an Arizona State University New American University Scholar-Dean's Award.

Keosokin Kheng, Student Body Government President, earned a Harry McKee Scholarship and ʻO Kaʻū Kākou Scholarship.

Daniel Savage earned an Iowa State University Dean's Scholarship. He is Magna Cum Laude and earned Academic Honors.

A life of hula, community, and graduation.

Madito Tamayo earned a Hawaiʻi Community College Achievement High School Scholarship.

Sheena Marie Flores is Cum Laude and a member of the National Honor Society.

Analei Emmsley earned the Salute to the Graduates-Leadership award and was named Female Athlete of the Year.

Nainoa Ke received the Salute to the Graduates-Athletics award and was named Male Athlete of the Year.

Junialla Manantan is Cum Laude, a member of the National Honor Society and earned academic honors.

Junially Manantan is Mangna Cum Laude, a member of the National Honor Society and earned academic honors.

Darryl Moreira is Magna Cum Laude, in the National Honor Society, an SBG officer, won a Real Trojan Award and Academic Honors.

Revis Petitt received the Salute to the Graduates-Information Technology Award. He is Summa Cum Laude, in the National Honor Society and won Academic Honors.

Madito Tamayo is Cum Laude.
Janslae Badua is Cum Laude.

Senior Class President Shailei-Marie Penera presented a graduating speech to the community. Also speaking were the Student Body President, Valedictorian, and Principal Sharon Beck.

Mark Galacio is Cum Laude and earned a scholarship from the
Pāhala Filipino Community Association.

The Principal presented the diplomas with Vice Principal Deisha Davis and Athletic Director Kalei Namohala. Trini Hironaga, Kaʻū-Keaʻau-Pāhoa School Renewal Specialist, accepted the Class of 2018 on behalf of the Superintendent of Schools.

Graduates also included:

Jasmine Arguello, Romela Byubay, Junel Candaroma, Deslyn Dacalio-Camba, Masen Dacalio, Jim Esquida, Jeremiah Eva, Emily Gouveia, Davidson Kawaauhau, Micah Koi, Savannah Lavergen, Nathaniel Lindsey, Cassidy Louis, Donald Mello, Maria Miranda, Isaiah Naboa, Rodel Pascua, Ikaika Salmo-Grace, Samson Santiago, Sky Sarme, Sheylah Silva and Annika Snow.

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Workshop at the Hōkūleʻa.Photos from Volcano School of Arts & Sciences

THE VOLCANO SCHOOL OF ARTS & SCIENCESʻ DISTANCE-LEARNING PROGRAM is accepting students grades 1 through 8 for fall. Volcano School's program, called Kula ‘Amakihi Community-Based Education, is designed as an innovative combination of distance learning, classroom work, and experiential learning trips.

The Volcano School of Arts & Sciences is a Hawaiian-Focused Public Charter School serving over 200 students on two campuses in Volcano Village; its Kula ‘Amakihi program was launched in 2016. Lead Teacher and Program Coordinator Lisa Barnard says that advantages include a planned curriculum using digital and printed material (tailored to each individual student’s needs), project-based learning, weekly face-to-face meetings with a licensed teacher, as well as collaborative learning and weekly outings.

“When a new student joins our program, we begin by conducting assessments,” says Barnard. Assessment results are combined with input (from parents and students themselves) of the student’s needs, to create a Personal Learning Plan, an individualized educational roadmap modeled on the Volcano School’s place-based curriculum.

Most of the learning happens at home. The parent (or other adult) works with the student as a learning coach. Barnard recommends parents spend four hours per day on instruction. “We’d like to see an hour a day on math, another hour on language arts, as well as more time for independent practice,” she says.

Principal Kalima Kinney elaborates: “We have seen this program work very well for families who would otherwise homeschool, for parents who want a lead role in educating their children, for students who want to work at their own pace, and for students with different types of special needs.”

Lilly Koskik, Jane Saarinen, and Isabella Koslik at the

ʻImiloa Astronomy Center.

Consider the McQueen family. New to the area, Janie McQueen enrolled her son John in the regular third grade class, while she put his twin sister Sophia in the CBE program. “I always considered homeschooling for my kids, but never actually did it,” she says. “This program is not homeschooling, but is excellent for us.”

McQueen notes that Sophia is covering the same material as John does in the regular class, but as her mother and primary instructor, Janie has the freedom to add to or modify content to fit Sophia’s learning style, while receiving solid support from the school. She also says that CBE brought an unexpected benefit.

“Our kids were always in a regular classroom, and Sophia always did well,” she says. “But through working with Lisa, we discovered something about her. It wasn’t dyslexia, but it was a related problem with the way she processed information on the page.”

McQueen says that her daughter’s problem was never identified by a classroom teacher who had so many other kids to deal with. “But Lisa saw what was happening and worked with Sophia. She is now reading quite well,” McQueen says.

Students who struggled in a traditional classroom now thrive in Kula ʻAmakihi, say their parents and grandparents. “My grandson Silas has been in the program for three months,” says Doris Santiago of Pāhala. “He had such a hard time in his other school that he even stopped talking. But now he’s doing really well. He’s learning, he’s really happy – and you can’t stop him from talking.”

Kula ʻAmakihi is not an online learning program. “Most people think of distance-learning programs as taking place primarily online,” says Kinney. “Some distance-learning programs use technology as a primary means to instruct students. These are often great programs, but our program is different.”

Kula ʻAmakihi is rooted in Volcano Schoolʻs place-based, experiential curriculum. Technology is used as a tool for learning to the extent that it works for the student. For example, the school’s math curriculum has both digital (online) and textbook formats to choose from. “Some of our students thrive when using technology and do most of their learning using various digital tools,” Kinney notes. “We also have students who rarely use a computer.” The program emphasizes hands-on, experiential learning with projects that students complete both at home and on campus.

Kula ‘Amakihi students visit the NASA/UH Hilo

Mars Lab research project.

“All Community Based Education students meet together once per week,” Barnard explains. “We have cross-age groups of students working together.” This collaboration is especially evident in the science and culture learning trips.

On one excursion students visited Mars Lab, a research project jointly operated by NASA and the University of Hawaiʻi. In this simulation of a mission to Mars, six scientists lived in a geodesic dome on Mauna Loa for over a year, extracted their own water, and only went outside wearing space suits.

“I really liked going to Mars Lab,” says Nick, a seventh grader. “It was really cool seeing how scientists could someday live on other planets.”

In another trip, students went on a guided tour of the Polynesian sailing vessel Hōkūleʻa, including a workshop conducted by the captain. This was the culmination of significant preparatory work prior visiting the vessel, including going to the ʻImiloa Astronomy Center in Hilo, where they learned about astronomy and the oceans, with a focus on the Pacific. Students also studied the history of both European and Polynesian explorers of the region. In addition, they learned geography through age-appropriate cartography and mapmaking.

“We were able to address all levels of understanding by providing hands-on activities illustrating the concepts,” says Barnard.

“At Volcano School, we know that peer collaboration is essential for learning and social-emotional development,” says Kinney. “So, we made group collaborative learning experiences a foundational aspect of the program.”

Lisa Barnard and 6th grader Kahane Stroud at the

UH Hilo history fair.

She recommends Kula ʻAmakihi as a good solution for parents who have the interest, and the time, to focus more deeply on their child’s education. “It is also possible for parents to hui together to share learning coach responsibilities” Kinney says. “Although the learning coach is usually a parent, it may also be another adult.”

Regular physical proximity to Volcano School is not required. Barnard notes that one student lives in Kona. They meet via Google Hangout twice weekly.

“Next school-year, we are planning to add staff and expand collaborative and project-based learning experiences, including more frequent excursions to field study sites,” says Kinney. “If we have the enrollment, we hope to be able to provide transportation on Friday collaborative learning and excursion days for Kaʻū families.”

Some Community Based Education students transfer into the regular Volcano School campus program if space is available, but the McQueens are happy as things are.

“John will move on with his class, but [twin sister] Sophia will stay in CBE. They offer so much. The individual attention of face-to-face meetings with Lisa at least once per week – that’s like gold to me.”

For further information on the program, call The Volcano School of Arts & Sciences at 985-9800 or email kulaamakihi@volcanoschool.net. volcanoschool.net

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AIR QUALITY INDEX REPORTING IS DOWN AGAIN late in the day.
SO2 levels in Pāhala were good for most of the day, with moderate levels from 1:45 a.m. to 6:15 a.m. Ocean View had multiple spikes of unhealthy for sensitive groups and moderate levels, with the highest recorded as 0.78 at 10:30 a.m. Volcano, at monitoring locations of Jaggar Museum and the Visitor's Center recorded unhealthy for sensitive groups spikes between 10:30 a.m. and noon - otherwise, showing good. Kona recorded as good all day.

See AirNow. See Hawaiʻi Short Term SO2 Advisory. Also see the University of Hawaiʻi air quality predictions on its VMAP.

See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

SUNDAY, MAY 27

MONDAY, MAY 28

TUESDAY, MAY 29

Ka‘ū Food Pantry, Tue, May 29, 11:30-1pm, St. Jude's Episcopal Church in Ocean View.

WEDNESDAY, MAY 30

THURSDAY, MAY 31

FRIDAY, JUNE 1

Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program, Jun 1-29 (closed Jun 11), Ka’ū. Nā’ālehu: Hawai‘i County Economic Opportunity Council office, back of Senior Center, Wed-Fri, 8-1pm, 929-9263. Ocean View: Ocean View Community Center, Mon & Tue, 8-1pm. Pāhala: Edmund Olson Trust Office, Tue & Wed, 8:30-12:30pm. See hceoc.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/2018-LIHEAP-APPLICATION.pdf for eligibility requirements and application.

23rd Annual Kona Classic Jackpot - Classic Fishing Tournament Series, Fri-Sun, Jun 1-3, Honokōhau Club House. All profits go towards marine conservation and youth educational programs in and around Miloli‘i. $300 entry fee, 4 per boat, $25 additional. Cash prizes $100-$3,000. Qualifying weights: Marlin, 100lbs; Ahi, 50lbs; Mahi, 15lbs; Ono, 15lbs. Grand Prize qualifies for Las Vegas Trip. Contact Wilfred Kaupiko, 896-6272, kalanihale@gmail.com. Sponsored by Kalanihale, kalanihale.org

SATURDAY, JUNE 2
“Libraries Rock” Summer Reading Program: Hawai‘i State Public Library System, Jun 2 - Jul 14, statewide & online. Register (starting Jun 2) and log reading at librarieshawaii.beanstack.org or at a local library. Free. Reading rewards, activities, and programs for children, teens, & adults. 2018 participants have a chance to win a Roundtrip for four to anywhere Alaska Airlines flies.

yART Sale! Gigantic Rummage Sale, Sat, Jun 2, 8:30-2pm, Volcano Art Center’s Hale Ho‘omana. Benefits VAC programs and workshops. volcanoartcenter.org, 967-8222

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Stewardship at the Summit, Jun 2, 8, 16, 23, & 29, 8:45am, meet Paul and Jane Field at Kīlauea Visitor Center in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Volunteers help remove invasive, non-native plant species that prevent native plants from growing. Free; park entrance fees apply. nps.gov/HAVO

Stained Glass Basics II, Sat & Sun, Jun 2, 3, 9 & 10, 9-noon, Volcano Art Center. Prerequisite: Stained Glass Basics I. $90/VAC Member, $100/non-Member, plus $30 supply fee. Register in advance. volcanoartcenter.org, 967-8222

Realms and Divisions of Kahuku, Sat, Jun 2, 9:30-11:30am, Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Moderately difficult, two-mile, guided hike on Kahuku Unit's newest trail, Pu‘u Kahuku, explores the traditional Hawaiian classification system. Bring snack.

NEW & UPCOMING

GROW ME THE MONEY: RECORD-KEEPING PRINCLPLES AND BEST PRACTICES for farmers and food producers, Saturday, June 30, 3 to 6pm, at Kaʻū District Gym.

Learn practical tips and key steps for organizing and maintaining a record keeping system for your agribusiness, including seed (bean)-to-sale tracking and developing standard operating procedures. Maile Woodhall, agricultural outreach specialist at The Kohla Center, will be the keynote speaker.

Tuesday, July 17, Kaʻū District Gym will host another KohalaCenter workshop: Business Capitalization and Funding Services. Discover loan, grant, and financial incentive programs for your business, and learn best practices for applying for USDA funding from Megan Blazak, agricultural business development specialist at The Kohala Center.

Free; registration required. Contact Megan Blazak, 887-6411, or koha.la/growmoney

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

5^th Annual Harvest Festival Fundraiser for The VolcanoSchoolof Arts & Sciences at Volcano Winery Sun, Sept 9. Tickets on sale Aug 1: volcanowinery.com or 967-7772. Live music by The Young Brothers; food & drink from local restaurants; award-winning wine and tea; tours of the vineyards.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

Ash plume today, Sunday, May 27, seen from Volcano Golf Course. Explosions from Halemaʻumaʻu send plumes thousands of feet above
sea level, often multiple times each day. This one at noon reached 10,000 feet. Winds are expected to change and send the ash
toward Puna and Hilo. Photo by Vijaysai Patnaik

HALEMAʻUMAʻU OVERLOOK VENT AT KĪLAUEA VOLCANO'S SUMMIT HAS EXPANDED CONSIDERABLY, reported Steve Brantley, USGS Deputy Scientist in Charge of Hawai‘i Volcanoes Observatory. He told press today that the crater - known for its lava lake until this month - has a vent that has widened by 7.5 times in the last three weeks as the lava lake disappeared.

Since the lava lake began to drain out of sight, Halemaʻumaʻu Crater's vent, inside Kīlauea Caldera, has expanded from 12 to about 90 acres since May 5. This is “a consequence of magma withdrawal from directly beneath Halemaʻumaʻu Crater,” said Brantley. He explained that the lava held up the walls of the crater. Without the lava, the walls are sloughing off, he said.

This image shows Kīlauea Volcano on May 19 at 6:30 p.m. (left) compared to May 25 at 6:30 p.m. (right). Comparing the two images shows that the summit eruptive vent continues to expand as the unsupported conduit walls collapse. As of the afternoon of May 25, the vent expansion included not only continued westward growth of the vent rim, but also a subsidiary pit on the north part of the floor of Halema‘uma‘u crater. Further enlargements are anticipated over the coming days to weeks as subsidence of Kīlauea caldera, rockfalls, and small explosions continue. USGS photo

USGS and HVO used radar data acquired by the European Space Agency's Sentinel-1 satellite for images to get measurements. The satellite transmits a radar signal toward the surface and measures the strength of the return, with bright areas indicating a strong return and dark areas a weak return. Strong returns indicate rough surfaces or slopes that point back at the radar, while weak returns come from smooth surfaces or slopes angled away from the radar.

Kīlauea's summit caldera has also subsided in the last three weeks, said Brantley. The caldera floor just north of Halemaʻumaʻu has dropped by four and a half feet. About a mile north of that, the caldera floor has dropped by almost two feet.

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Sunday's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory lava map showing ocean entries and the lava on its way to
covering a geothermal well. USGS map

LAVA IS MOVING IN LOWER PUNA OVER THE GEOTHERMAL WELLS. Puna Geothermal Ventures produced 20 percent of the electricity for this island's Hawaiian Electric Light Co. customers. When volcanic activity threatened the geothermal wells, PGV shut them down.
At 6 p.m., County Civil Defense issued a statement saying that lava "covered one well that was successfully plugged. That well, along with a second well 100 feet away, are stable and secured, and are being monitored. Also due to preventative measures, neither well is expected to release any hydrogen sulfide," said the statement.

Clay en route on a Hawaiʻi Pacific Air Cargo plane
to Kona Saturday to be trucked to lower Puna. The clay
is to help plug geothermal wells threatened by lava,
which covered at least one geothermal well.
Photo from Pacific Air Cargo

Gov. David Ige said in a press conference today: "We feel confident that the risk is mitigated."
Residents living near the PGV site are on alert through messaging by Civil Defense and received a text at 6:15 a.m. today saying the lava had entered the PGV site. Another text came this evening.
In the meantime, Pacific Air Cargo flew from LA today with 200,000 lbs of a special clay to inject into one of the still active geothermal wells, if necessary, to plug it. Pacific Airs' Chief Operating Officer Thomas Ingram told Hawaiʻi News Now, "We have been closely watching the disturbing images coming out of the Big Island over the past three weeks and are grateful for this opportunity to support the relief efforts in any way we can. To our many friends and customers there, we send our heartfelt best wishes and pray that you all continue stay safe."

Hawaiʻi News Nowreported PGV plant spokesman Mike Kaleikini saying, “All of the production wells nearest to the lava flow are plugged and shut in. As long as conditions are safe, we will have personnel on site. Primary concern is sulfur dioxide from the eruption and lava coming on site. We monitor for hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide on a continuous basis," he said, referring to hydrogen sulfide that can be released should the plant itself have a blowout.
Hawaiʻi News Now reported PGV officials conceded they don’t know if hydrogen sulfide is the only possible hazard the community could face if lava interacts with their wells.

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THE COUNTY FIRE DEPARTMENT RESCUED A MAN TRAPPED BY LAVA AND RESIDENTS WERE URGED TO FLEE Leilani Estates on Nohea Street and Luana Street between Leilani Ave., and on Kahukai and Kupono Streets between Malama Street and Leilani Avenue. Civil Defense sent out a 7:54 p.m. message that everyone needs "to evacuate immediately due to a fast moving lava flow from Fissure 7." Shortly after, the rescue attempt began. Shelters are open at the Pāhoa Community Center, Keaʻau Community Center, and the Sure Foundation Church. Shelters are pet friendly."

Ikaika Marzo reported live on Facebook this afternoon that there seemed to be a slow down in the volume of lava he was seeing in Leilani Estates and elsewhere. However, he clarified that there is no guarantee that the volcano will calm down and will not have more robust activity unexpecedly.

Ikaika Marzo, center with Sen. Mazie Hirono, who is working with the military
and other federal agencies for more aid and coordination for the volcano
disaster. Marzo posts updates on lava flows, live on Facebook.

Civil Defense reported early today the new fissure – number 24 – between Kupono and Nohea streets in Leilani Estates.

Civil Defense confirms lava now covers more than 2,372 acres, which is 3.7 square miles, in lower Puna.

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DROP IN WIND MAY SHIFT ASH AND GASSES EAST AND NORTHEAST in the coming days from both fissures in lower Puna and Halemaʻumaʻu Crater at Kīlauea summit.
Ian Morrison of NOAA told press today the next few days will see tradewinds calm down, turning to push up towards Puna - and maybe even Hilo - by tomorrow evening through Tuesday. After that, the wind should go back to blowing to the southwest, as it has been for most of the last week. The island may also see a small uptick in rainfall over the next few days.

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WEBSITE GIVING AIR QUALITY INDEX READINGS is again not showing readings at press time. The site's map shows green for Pāhala, orange for Ocean View, and yellow for Kona.
SO2 levels for Pāhala, Volcano locations at Jaggar Museum and the Visitor's Center, and Kona all showed good air all day. Ocean View had brief spikes into moderate in the morning and evening, and unhealthy for sensitive groups in the early morning.

See AirNow. See Hawaiʻi Short Term SO2 Advisory. Also see the University of Hawaiʻi air quality predictions on its VMAP.

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Kaʻū High's four college-bound 2018 Athletes of the Year:
Nainoa Ke, Analei Emmsley, Malie Ibarra, and Rowlie Flores.
Photo from Kaʻū High

KAʻŪ HIGH NAMED ATHLETES OF THE YEAR in May. All four are seniors and college bound.

Female Principal Scholar Athlete of the Year Malie Ibarra served as captain of the cheerleading team and swim team. She earned a 3.3 GPA. She heads to University of Hawaiʻi at Hiloto major in Business Administration.

Male Principal Scholar Athlete of the Year Rowlie Flores ran Track and Cross Country. He earned a 4.2 GPA. He heads to GeorgetownUniversity in Washington, D.C.

Male Athlete of the Year Nainoa Ke played football and basketball, and heads to a college on the mainland.

Female Athlete of the Year Analei Emmsley played softball, soccer and basketball. She heads to University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo.

See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

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Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

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MONDAY, MAY 28

CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Memorial Day Ceremony, Mon, May 28, 3pm, Kīlauea Military Camp front lawn, inside Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Gathering to remember and pay tribute to those who made the ultimate sacrifice. Keynote Speaker: Major Kawika Hosea, Executive Officer of 1-299 Cavalry Regiment, Keaukaha Military Reservation. In case of rain, ceremony will move indoors. Open to authorized KMC patrons and sponsored guests. Park entrance fees apply. 967-8371, kilaueamilitarycamp.com

CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Memorial Day Buffet, Mon, May 28, 4-7pm, Crater Rim Café, Kīlauea Military Campy, inside Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Menu includes BBQ Kalua Pork, Local Styles Fried Chicken with Gravy, Salads and more. $19/Adult, $10/Child (6-11 yrs). Open to authorized KMC patrons and sponsored guests. Park entrance fees apply. 967-8356, kilaueamilitarycamp.com

TUESDAY, MAY 29

Ka‘ū Food Pantry, Tue, May 29, 11:30-1pm, St. Jude's Episcopal Church in Ocean View.

WEDNESDAY, MAY 30

THURSDAY, MAY 31

FRIDAY, JUNE 1
Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program, Jun 1-29 (closed Jun 11), Ka’ū. Nā’ālehu: Hawai‘i County Economic Opportunity Council office, back of Senior Center, Wed-Fri, 8-1pm, 929-9263. Ocean View: Ocean View Community Center, Mon & Tue, 8-1pm. Pāhala: Edmund Olson Trust Office, Tue & Wed, 8:30-12:30pm. See hceoc.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/2018-LIHEAP-APPLICATION.pdf for eligibility requirements and application.

23rd Annual Kona Classic Jackpot - Classic Fishing Tournament Series, Fri-Sun, Jun 1-3, Honokōhau Club House. All profits go towards marine conservation and youth educational programs in and around Miloli‘i. $300 entry fee, 4 per boat, $25 additional. Cash prizes $100-$3,000. Qualifying weights: Marlin, 100lbs; Ahi, 50lbs; Mahi, 15lbs; Ono, 15lbs. Grand Prize qualifies for Las Vegas Trip. Contact Wilfred Kaupiko, 896-6272, kalanihale@gmail.com. Sponsored by Kalanihale, kalanihale.org

yART Sale! Gigantic Rummage Sale, Sat, Jun 2, 8:30-2pm, Volcano Art Center’s Hale Ho‘omana. Benefits VAC programs and workshops. volcanoartcenter.org, 967-8222

*Stewardship at the Summit, Jun 2, 8, 16, 23, & 29, 8:45am, meet Paul and Jane Field at Kīlauea Visitor Center in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Volunteers help remove invasive, non-native plant species that prevent native plants from growing. Free; park entrance fees apply. nps.gov/HAVO

SUNDAY, JUNE 3
Palm Trail, Sun, Jun 3, 9:30-12:30pm, Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Moderately difficult, 2.6-mile loop traverses scenic pastures along an ancient cinder cone, with some of the best panoramic views Kahuku has to offer. nps.gov/HAVO

NEW & UPCOMING

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Sign Up for the Nāʻālehu Independence Day Parade, to be held June 30. If interested, call Debra McIntosh at 929-9872.

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Lava moon through volcanic haze, laze, S02, and air particles in lower Puna Sunday night that drifted toward Kaʻū. Air quality will be the discussion
at a meeting at Kaʻū District Gym Multipurpose Room this Wednesday at 5:30 p.m. Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists and representatives
of Kaʻū Hospital, the state Department of Health, and county Emergency Management will be on hand. Photo by Vijaysai Patnaik

INCREASING VOG AND ASH EXPOSURE IN KAʻŪ WILL BE THE TOPIC OF A MEETING THIS WEDNESDAY at Kaʻū District Gym Multipurpose Room at 5:30 p.m. in Pāhala.

Laze made from lava entering the ocean in lower Puna on Sunday.
Health department and HVO officials will discuss the risks Wednesday
at a Pāhala meeting. Photo by Vijaysai Patnaik

The U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory organized the meeting to explain the ongoing eruptions of ash and S02 from Halemaʻuma`u that comes to Kaʻū on the winds. The scientists will also discuss laze, created from lava entering the ocean, and S02 produced in lower Puna from lava flows and fountaining. They are expected to talk about how much of those gases are blown to Kaʻū.
Also on hand to explain risks to the community, management of indoor air, and how to protect oneself outdoors and in vehicles will be a lung specialist, representatives Emergency Medical Services, Kaʻū Hospital, and the state Department of Health - Hazard Evaluation and Emergency Response Office, and Clean Air Branch.
County Council member Maile David said she hopes to attend. Also attending will be representatives of the Hawaiʻi County Civil Defense Agency.

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S02 levels were high, registering orange in Volcano and Pāhala this morning.
They registered red, unhealthy for everyone for part of the day, and recovered
to green, good air in afternoon and evening. Air map from Air Now

HIGHER PARTICULATE AND SO2 LEVELS Sunday and Monday morning extended from Volcano through Ocean View. During some periods, Air Now readings for Ocean View and Pāhala reached a red, unhealthy level. Volcano reached an orange, unhealthy for sensitive groups level, before all became green - the good level - this afternoon and evening.
Numerous ashfalls landed in Kaʻū following explosions today of rock and ash from Halemaʻumaʻu Crater at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano. Ash plumes reached up to 15,000 feet today.
More than 200 earthquakes occurred in the last 24 hours from Kaʻū through Volcano into lower Puna, including one of 4.1 magnitude at Hilina Pali in Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park and a 3.5 this morning in Pāhala.

A 3.5 earthquake shook Pāhala at 3:55 a.m. this morning, Memorial Day, while multiple earthquakes rocked Volcano and Halemaʻumaʻu Volcano
sent ash 10,000 feet into the air. More than 200 earthquakes were recorded in 24 hours. Map from USGS

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IN LOWER PUNA, MORE HOMES WERE DESTROYED BY LAVA LAST NIGHT and today, with the total number of buildings reaching more than 200. Hawaiʻi County Civil Defense Administrator Talmadge Magno reported during a press briefing that lava rushed and broke through a perched pond of lava last night and took out ten homes. When going door to door to make sure everyone had evacuated homes in the area, he said, fire, public works, and police personnel found about 20 occupied houses and that some people refused to leave. "It kind of gives us terrifying insight into what's going on out there," said Magno. One man with lava next to his house was rescued.

Aerial view of active lava flow crossing Poho'iki Road during an overflight this
morning about 7 a.m. HST. Poho'iki Road cuts through middle of photograph.
Note lava fountains erupting (top right) from fissure 8 (left-side fountain) and
24 (right-side fountain) from the fissure complex. By late this morning, the
flow's advance slowed to a few meters (yards) per hour, and
fissure 8 activity had diminished significantly. USGS photo

Magno reported 246 people are living in shelters, of the more than 2,000 displaced in lower Puna, mostly from Leilani Estates where the most homes have been destroyed.
Regarding the two Puna Geothermal Venture wells covered by lava, Talmadge said they are holding, after being quenched with water and shut down before the lava intruded, without any emissions reported. He said government and PGV are working to plug and further quench the wells. During a USGS press conference, it was stated that lava flows were not threatening more wells today.
Magno also acknowledged that Poho'iki Bay in lower Puna has been reopened for surfing and that surfers could obtain county placards allowing them to go there. He said that Mayor Harry Kim has the understanding of lower Puna residents' special relationship with the Pohoʻiki surf spot, especially after losing other surf breaks to lava along the Puna coast years ago.

Close view of lava channel in middle of the lava flow erupting from fissure 8
during this morning's overflight at about 7 a.m. HST. The tallest lava fountain
is fissure 8, active since yesterday evening. The eruption rate
at fissure 8 diminished significantly later in the morning. USGS photo

See the entire press conference at bigislandvideonews.com.

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TESTIMONY AGAINST THE PROPOSED NĀʻĀLEHU WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT, next to Nāʻālehu Elementary School, was presented to the county Environmental Management Commission at its Kona meeting last week. Sandy Demoruelle, of Nāʻālehu, who opposes not only the location but the kind of treatment facility planned, said the commission will hold a special closed session next month to review county decision making on the project.
She claimed the county "failed to meet with the community" prior to proposing lagoon style wastewater treatment plants in Pāhala and Nāʻālehu. Demourelle said she supports less expensive septic systems, saying that they were approved for both towns as the Kaʻū Large-Capacity Cesspool Conversion Project in August, 2007.
Since then, the county, working with the state Department of Health and EPA, has decided to change from septic system plans to a newer design for wastewater treatment, a lagoon treatment system with water, oxygen, microbes, plants and trees processing the wastewater. Demourelle claimed that the new plan is unnecessarily expensive.

A community member discussing the proposed Nāʻālehu treatment plant
with a consulting engineer for the county during public input meeting
in April. Photo by Julia Neal

When giving testimony to the commission, Demoruelle also took issue with the county wanting to purchase and possibly condemning a site for the Nāʻālehu treatment plant. The land has been owned by the Souza family since "at least 1968," she said. She said the family, of which she is an extended member, wants to keep the land. The location has also been opposed by representatives of the adjacent Nāʻālehu School.

Demoruelle told The Kaʻū Calendar newspaper that she recently served a lawsuit to F. Scott Pruitt, in his official capacity as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and Alexis Strauss, in her official capacity as Acting Regional Administrator of the EPA, Region 9.
Demoruelle contended that her suit was filed “so the County will have to decide to start the EIS process or just implement their original LCC conversion plans.” The county is in the process of finalizing the choice of a site and proceeding with EIS requirements, said county representatives.

Demoruelle said the original plans from 2007 would cost under $4 million for both Pāhala and Nāʻālehu and said the new plans would cost taxpayers $41 million "and climbing." The new plans received first-round approval by the County Council for the county's 2018-2019 Capital Improvement Budget last week.

Demoruelle noted that county Bill 111, for the Capital Improvement Budget, includes $41,051,000 for the Nāʻālehu and Pāhala treatment plants. The bill will go to second County Council reading on June 6. Closest public testimony option opens at 9 a.m., via video conferencing from Nāʻālehu.

See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

TUESDAY, MAY 29

Ka‘ū Food Pantry, Tue, May 29, 11:30-1pm, St. Jude's Episcopal Church in Ocean View.

CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Saving Rare Plants from the Brink of Extinction in HVNP, Tue, May 29, 7pm, Kīlauea Visitor Center Auditorium, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Park Botanist Sierra McDaniel discusses rare plant management in the park. Free; park entrance fees apply. nps.gov/HAVO

WEDNESDAY, MAY 30

CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: Ku‘i Kalo Demonstration, Wed, May 30, 10-noon, Kīlauea Visitor Center lānai, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Make poi, staple food of traditional Hawaiian diet. Free; park entrance fees apply. nps.gov/HAVO

Summer Learn-To-Swim Registration, Wed & Thu, May 30 & 31, 1-4pm, Pāhala Swimming Pool (Ka‘ū High School Campus). hawaiicounty.gov/pr-aquatics/, 928-8177

THURSDAY, MAY 31

23rd Annual Kona Classic Jackpot - Classic Fishing Tournament Series, Fri-Sun, Jun 1-3, Honokōhau Club House. All profits go towards marine conservation and youth educational programs in and around Miloli‘i. $300 entry fee, 4 per boat, $25 additional. Cash prizes $100-$3,000. Qualifying weights: Marlin, 100lbs; Ahi, 50lbs; Mahi, 15lbs; Ono, 15lbs. Grand Prize qualifies for Las Vegas Trip. Contact Wilfred Kaupiko, 896-6272, kalanihale@gmail.com. Sponsored by Kalanihale, kalanihale.org

SATURDAY, JUNE 2
Libraries Rock Summer Reading Program: Hawai‘i State Public Library System, Jun 2 - Jul 14, statewide & online. Register (starting Jun 2) and log reading at librarieshawaii.beanstack.org or at a local library. Free. Reading rewards, activities, and programs for children, teens, & adults. 2018 participants have a chance to win a Roundtrip for four to anywhere Alaska Airlines flies.

yART Sale! Gigantic Rummage Sale, Sat, Jun 2, 8:30-2pm, Volcano Art Center’s Hale Ho‘omana. Benefits VAC programs and workshops. volcanoartcenter.org, 967-8222

MAY BE CANCELLED DUE TO PARK CLOSURE: May Stewardship at the Summit, Jun 2, 8, 16, 23, & 29, 8:45am, meet Paul and Jane Field at Kīlauea Visitor Center in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Volunteers help remove invasive, non-native plant species that prevent native plants from growing. Free; park entrance fees apply. nps.gov/HAVO

Stained Glass Basics II, Sat & Sun, Jun 2, 3, 9 & 10, 9-noon, Volcano Art Center. Prerequisite: Stained Glass Basics I. $90/VAC Member, $100/non-Member, plus $30 supply fee. Register in advance. volcanoartcenter.org, 967-8222

Realms and Divisions of Kahuku, Sat, Jun 2, 9:30-11:30am, Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i VolcanoesNational Park. Moderately difficult, two-mile, guided hike on Kahuku Unit's newest trail, Pu‘u Kahuku, explores the traditional Hawaiian classification system. Bring snack.

SUNDAY, JUNE 3
Palm Trail, Sun, Jun 3, 9:30-12:30pm, Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Moderately difficult, 2.6-mile loop traverses scenic pastures along an ancient cinder cone, with some of the best panoramic views Kahuku has to offer. nps.gov/HAVO

Ham Radio Potluck Picnic, Sun, Jun 3, noon-2pm, Manukā State Park. Anyone interested in learning about ham radio is welcome to attend. Sponsored by South Point Amateur Radio Club and Amateur Radio Emergency Service. View sites.google.com/site/southpointarc or sites.google.com/view/southhawaiiares/home. Rick Ward, 938-3058

MONDAY, JUNE 4
Hawai‘i County Council Meetings, Mon/Tue/Wed, Jun 4 & 5 (Committees)/6 (Council), Hilo. Mon/Tue, Jun 18 (Committees)/19 (Council), Kona. Ka‘ū residents can participate via videoconferencing at Nā‘ālehu State Office Building. Agendas at hawaiicounty.gov

Ka‘ū Homeschool Co–op Group, Mon, Jun 4 & 18, 1pm, Ocean View Community Center. A parent led homeschool activity/social group building community in Ka‘ū. Laura Roberts, 406-249-3351

Ocean View Volunteer Fire Dept. Meeting, Mon, Jun 4, 4-6pm, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

ONGOING

Park Rangers invite the public to downtown Hilo to learn about the volcanic activity, to get their NPS Passport Book stamped, and to experience the Hawaiian cultural connection to volcanoes. Rangers are providing programs at the Mokupāpapa Discovery Center at 76 Kamehameha Avenue, Tuesday through Saturdays, from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Admission is free.

Sign Up for the Nāʻālehu Independence Day Parade, to be held June 30. If interested, call Debra McIntosh at 929-9872.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

Del Bothof, above, and Maria Bothof are keeping their Volcano Winery open during the volcanic activities at nearby Halemaʻumaʻu Crater, and
invite the public to sign up for their annual Harvest Festival Fundraiser forThe Volcano School of the Arts & Sciences. Photo by Julia Neal

‘YES, VOLCANO VILLAGE IS OPEN,’ says Volcano Winery owner Marie Bothof. Volcano Winery has remained open throughout the volcanic activity at nearby Haelmaʻumaʻu Crater. The staff is taking care of the vineyard, tea farm, winery, and store, and preparing for the fifth Harvest Festival Fundraiser for The Volcano School of Arts & Sciences, which happens on Sunday, Sept. 9.

The limited-issue 200 tickets go on sale August 1 at volcanowinery.com or 967-7772. Marie Bothof, who owns the winery with her husband Del Bothof, said, “Can’t have more people here than that or it wouldn’t be fun for anybody! This year’s goal is $10K to pay for a white passenger van for the kids at The Volcano School of Arts & Sciences, to travel in for field adventures.”

Volcano Winery grows grapes and also tea. The tea leafs require some extra
washing with the recent ashfall from volcanic explosions at
Kīlauea Crater, but are fine, according to winery owners.
Image from Volcano Winery

Harvest Festival features music, food, and wine under the stars with entertainment by The Young Brothers: Kiliona and Kalei Young, and Orlando Smith. Food and drink will be presented by chefs from local restaurants. Award-winning wine and tea comes from Volcano Winery. Participants will tour the vineyards.

Marie Bothof told The Kaʻū Calendar today that the eruption has had an impact on their business – but not as bad as it could be. “We haven’t shut down a day yet.” She said the weekend of May 12 and 13 saw a drop down to 25 percent of their usual number of visitors. The next weekend, that number had risen a bit. The last weekend of May rose to almost 60 percent of the regular number. She said cruise ship passengers are calling to make sure that driving from Kona – since the ships won’t port in Hilo – is feasible. Bothof said she – and other business owners in Volcano – would like to let people know: “Yes, Volcano Village is open!”

Local business owners will met Tuesday, May 29, to “try to put something together” to let people know the Village of Volcano is still open for business.

Harvested grapes in large buckets await crushing for wine
made in Volcano Village. Photo from Volcano Winery

Concerning Volcano Winery orchards, ashfall, which has potential to damage plants, has not affected the winery too badly so far. “The most effect was on the tea harvest; we had to wash all the leaves before any fermentation – but it came off really good.” She said the grapes were “already past the flower stage,” so the ashfall hasn’t harmed them at all. “As the fruit grows, the ash will shed. We’ve lost about 15 percent” of the crop, Bothof said. She said there has been no vine death or leaf effects: “We’ve been very fortunate with the winds,” said Bothof, with only one day where she saw ash on cars. She said their catchment tanks have not yet been affected.

Bothof said her main concern are the earthquakes: “The wine really sloshes in the vats.” She said the 6.9 magnitude quake only caused the loss of two wine glasses. The quake happened during a tasting, she said, and it “really shook over here. It was very exciting for the tasting group that experienced it – didn’t bother them a bit. They thought it was ‘part of the show’.”

Volcano Winery is located 35 Piʻimauna Drive, the same road that goes to Volcano Golf Course.
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PUNA GEOTHERMAL VENTURE, WHICH PROVIDED 20 PERCENT OF THE ISLAND'S ELECTRICITY, COULD BE CLOSED PERMANENTLY or for a number of years. Lava flowed over several geothermal wells this week and was headed for more of them today. Lava also covered the main entry road to the facility in lower Puna, leaving only a back entrance for staff to return.
Puna Geothermal Venture officials said that in addition to quenching the geothermal wells and
attempting to plug them, PGV's crew placed materials over them so that lava could possibly roll over the site without penetrating the equipment and wells. However, it is uncertain whether lava penetrated the workings of the wells that were covered in lava. Post lava flow excavating would determine whether the wells could be used again, PGV officials said during press conferences this week.

Volcanic glass particles fell on roads in Puna today.
Image from Big Island Video News

PGV officials also said that it could be possible the lava could interact with oil in the geothermal wells, creating an odor - but didn't expect any fumes that are more dangerous to be released.

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LAVA DESTROYED 20 HOMES IN 24 HOURS in lower Puna in the past day, county Civil Defense reported. With fast moving pahoehoe from a lava pond that breached, the toll during May rose to 112 buildings and 71 homes.

Pele's Hair, the volcanic glass that fell in lower Puna today, should be
avoided, as it can irritate and become embedded in skin,
said HVO scientists. Photo from USGS

Lava also crossed Highway 132 today, cutting off the main road between Pāhoa, Kapoho, and Vacationland communities. Those residents will have to use Government Beach Road to drive toward Hilo and back to Pāhoa.
In addition, area residents witnessed and received warnings about Pele's Hair falling in lower Puna. Pele's Hair is made of glass particles from the volcano, are sharp and an irritant to skin, and can become embedded.
This evening, Civil Defense ordered people along Noni Farms Road and Hale Kamahina Road to "evacuate immediately" as more fast moving lava approached their homes.

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WHY SO MANY EARTHQUAKES AT KĪLAUEA SUMMIT AND VOLCANO VILLAGE? USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory released an explanation today, with 286 tremors in the last 24 hours:
"The floor of Kīlauea Caldera continues to subside as pressure in the magma reservoir decreases in response to withdrawal of magma towards the East Rift Zone. This is the same process that caused the summit lava lake to drop out of sight within the Overlook Vent inside Halemaʻumaʻu Crater.

Interferogram from the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-1
satellite showing ground motion between May 11 and May 17, 2018.
During the same time period, a GPS station on the caldera floor
measured 65 cm (about 2 feet) of subsidence. Each colored “fringe”
represents 2.7 cm (just over 1 inch) of motion between the
ground and the satellite and are added up to determine
the total displacement. Image from USGS

"Deflation at Kīlauea’s summit has caused up to 1.5 meters (about 5 feet) of subsidence, which has stressed the faults around and within Kīlauea Caldera. This has led to numerous magnitude-3 or greater earthquakes, as well as many more smaller ones. The faults that are being stressed are shallow (likely less than 2 miles deep), so the earthquakes are shallow, which means that they have been widely felt by residents near the summit area."
"Occasional larger ash explosions from Halemaʻumaʻu have resulted in abrupt increases in reservoir pressure (which appear as "inflationary steps" in ground tilt data); these inflations negate the effects of ongoing deflation for a period of hours to days. After each explosion, the faults within and around the caldera are less stressed and, therefore, produce fewer earthquakes. As time goes on, deflation again stresses the faults and the number of detected (and felt) earthquakes increases."
HVO reviews the history of the similar event in 1924, when high rates of earthquake activity were observed during the summit
eruption. Volcano resident Margaret Finch wrote to her father on May 15, 1924, “... and the earthquakes were awful. Some were a slow swaying motion, while others gave you a nasty vicious shake. I hate them all. I want to run whenever I feel one. There must be at least a hundred quakes a day…and probably a great many more than that.”
According to HVO, "It appears that a process similar to now was at work back then. We expect earthquake production to continue as long as the summit continues to deflate, but the rate and magnitude of earthquakes will vary in response to explosions. In 1924, based on known historical records, no earthquakes related to summit subsidence caused significant damage.

See the animation showing a sequence of radar amplitude

images acquired by the Italian Space Agency's Cosmo-SkyMed

satellite system. The series shows changes to the caldera area of

Kīlauea Volcano that occurred over May 5 at 6:12 a.m. HST,

May 17 at 6:12 a.m. HST, May 21 at 6:12 a.m. HST, and

May 29 at 6:12 a.m. HST. Animation from USGS

"In 1960, earthquakes occurring in the summit area during subsidence caused some minor damage in Volcano. In 2018, the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park have seen some damage from these earthquakes, and the potential for damaging earthquakes during this eruption persists. In addition to preparing for ashfall, summit area residents should consider earthquake preparedness as part of their home and business safety plans."

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AIR QUALITY INDEX REPORTING IS UNAVAILABLE late today. However, the colors of the map indicate the air in Pāhala is good, but Ocean View and Kona are in the red - a measurement that indicates the overall air quality is unhealthy for all groups.
SO2 levels in Pāhala were unhealthy for sensitive groups for almost half the time of recorded reporting since midnight; the levels are good as of 9 p.m. Ocean View was similar, with more spikes, but is reported as being unhealthy for sensitive groups as of 9 p.m. Both Volcano reporting sites showed a couple spikes since midnight; levels are good as of 9 p.m. Kona showed as good all day.
See AirNow. See Hawaiʻi Short Term SO2 Advisory. Also see the University of Hawaiʻi air quality predictions on its VMAP.

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See public Ka‘ū events, meetings, entertainment.

See Ka‘ū exercise, meditation, daily, and weekly events.

Print edition of The Ka‘ū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes

throughout Ka‘ū, from Miloli‘i through Volcano, and free on

stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com.

WEDNESDAY, MAY 30

Kōkua Kupuna Project, Wed, May 30, 9-11am, St. Jude's Episcopal Church, Ocean View. Seniors 60 years & older encouraged to attend, ask questions, and inquire about services offered through Legal Aid Society of Hawai‘i - referral required from Hawai‘i County Office of Aging at 961-8626 for free legal services. Under 60, call 1-800-499-4302. More info: tahisha.despontes@legalaidhawaii.org, 329-3910 ext. 925. legalaidhawaii.org

Meeting on Ash and S02, Wed, May 30 at Kaʻū District Gym Multipurpose Room,

U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory will explain the ongoing eruptions of ash and S02 from Halemaʻuma`u, as well as laze from lava ocean entries and other risks.
Also on hand will be a lung specialist, representatives Emergency Medical Services, Kaʻū Hospital, and the state Department of Health - Hazard Evaluation and Emergency Response Office, and Clean Air Branch.

County Council member Maile David said she hopes to attend. Also attending will be representatives of the Hawaiʻi County Civil Defense Agency.

Summer Learn-To-Swim Registration, Wed & Thu, May 30 & 31, 1-4pm, Pāhala Swimming Pool (Ka‘ū High School Campus). hawaiicounty.gov/pr-aquatics/, 928-8177

THURSDAY, MAY 31

Hawai‘i County Council Meetings, Mon/Tue/Wed, Jun 4 & 5 (Committees)/6 (Council), Hilo. Mon/Tue, Jun 18 (Committees)/19 (Council), Kona. Ka‘ū residents can participate via videoconferencing at Nā‘ālehu State Office Building. Agendas at hawaiicounty.gov

Ka‘ū Homeschool Co–op Group, Mon, Jun 4 & 18, 1pm, Ocean View Community Center. A parent led homeschool activity/social group building community in Ka‘ū. Laura Roberts, 406-249-3351

Ocean View Volunteer Fire Dept. Meeting, Mon, Jun 4, 4-6pm, Ocean View Community Center. 939-7033, ovcahi.org

TUESDAY, JUNE 5
Hawai‘i Wildlife Fund Volunteer Clean-Up w/Hawai‘i Outdoor Institute, Tue, Jun 5, contact in advance for meet up time at Wai‘ōhinu Park. Space limited. Free; donations appreciated. kahakai.cleanups@gmail.com, wildhawaii.org

Discovery Harbour Volunteer Fire Dept. Meeting, Tue, Jun 5, 4-6pm, Jun 19, 4:30-6:30pm, Discovery Harbour Community Hall. 929-9576, discoveryharbour.net

Ka‘ū Coffee Growers Meeting, Tue, Jun 5, 6-8pm, Pāhala Community Center.

NEW AND UPCOMING

23rd Annual Kona Classic Jackpot - Classic Fishing Tournament Series is Friday through Sunday, June 1 through 3, at Honokōhau Club House in Kona. All profits go towards marine conservation and youth educational programs in and around Miloli‘i. $300 entry fee, 4 people per boat - $25 per additional person. Modified Jungle rules.

Cash prizes range from $100 to $3,000. Qualifying weights: Marlin, 100lbs; Ahi, 50lbs; Mahi, 15lbs; Ono, 15lbs. Grand Prize qualifies winner for Las Vegas Trip.

Upcoming tournaments are 1^st Annual Hawaiian Wicked Tuna Jackpot Series, July 20-22, and Miloli‘i Classic, Aug 31-Sept 2.

ONGOING

5^th Annual Harvest Festival Fundraiser for The Volcano School of Arts & Sciences at Volcano Winery Sun, Sept 9. Only 200 tickets available; on sale Aug 1 at volcanowinery.com or 967-7772. Live music by The Young Brothers; food & drink from local restaurants; award-winning wine and tea; tours of the vineyards.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

Ka‘ū News Briefs Thursday, May 10, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Friday, May 11, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Saturday, May 12, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Sunday, May 13, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Monday, May 14, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Tuesday, May 15, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Wednesday, May 16, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Thursday, May 17, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Friday, May 18, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Saturday, May 19, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Sunday, May 20, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Monday, May 21, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Tuesday, May 22, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Wednesday, May 23, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Thursday, May 24, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Friday, May 25, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Saturday, May 26, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Sunday, May 27, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Monday, May 28, 2018

Ka‘ū News Briefs Tuesday, May 29, 2018